CONIFERA OF WHEELER’S EXPEDITION. 349 
globose, 2 or 24 inches long and nearly as thick, consisting of few large scales with thick oe apophyses, but 
without iE ; oval seeds about 4 inch long, with a wing nearly 1 line lagi : — s 7-1 
oft-described Nut-pine of Fremont’s first expeditions, 35 years ago, common from ea to Utah and Cali- 
fornia. This and the fsliowing ing species furnish an important article of food to = Indians and other natives. That 
single leaf, before its nature was properly understood, troubled botanists a good deal, so that Endlicher, supposing 
that the single leaf consisted of two agglutinated ones, went so far as to change the name into P. Fremontit. They 
are really single leaves, and the only instance of such leaves in the genus (I do not speak of the primary leaves of 
seedlings or young shoots, but only of the secondary leaves, which grow in bundles on what we must take for reduced 
branchlets). 
Pinus EDULIS, Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. note 2. — Similar to the last, but with more slender, entire leaves, [260] 
grad in pairs, rarely in threes ; staminate flowers surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre ; anthers with a knob 
r short spur ; cones and seeds similar to those of the last species, only a little smaller; cones usually but 14 inches 
a. cotyledons as in previous species. 
Camp Bowie, Arizona, Rothrock (493). Common from Southern Colorado through New Mexico to Arizona. 
The two species here described, together with the slender and 3-leaved P. cembroides, with harder shells to the larger 
seeds, and 8-12 cotyledons, and the little-known 4-5 leaved P. Parryana of the northern part of Lower California, — 
constitute a small group of very peculiar Pines, which we may designate as the Cembroid Pines, characterized by the 
leaves of the flexilis group (with entire margins, peripheral ducts, and deciduous iene ad the seeds of Cembra, and 
by the cones and scales of Pinaster. Perhaps it would be proper not to lay too much stress on the number of leaves 
and minor characters, nor on their geographical difference, and to unite them jai the Rae and most appropriate 
name of P. cembroides, Zuce., though cher ae the leaves, have separated them widely in their boo 
There is no pine en ntirely analogous to the e Old World, unless we should refer here the little-known P. 
Bungeana, Zuce. ; Murr. Conif. Jap. 18, of a eaeae It has similar, Bers subglobose cones, though with less 
prominent knobs, but armed with recurved prickles; the seeds are smaller, with a very distinct wing, the leaves in | 
threes lose their sheaths as our Nut-pines do, but are serrulate, and have ae peripheral oe but, singularly 
enough, also usually a single interior or parenchymatous one, forming thus a link between several groups. 
Pinus ARIzonica, n. sp.— A middle-sized ee, 40 feet high, 2-3 feet in diameter; branches squarrose, with 
persistent a. leaves in fives, 5-7 inches long, } line wide, shined serrulate, in a sheath over 1 inch long (when old 
less than half as long); oval cone 23 inches long, 1h inches thick ; scales with a prominent knob, which in the lower 
ones is recurved, armed with a recurved prickle. 
On the Santa Rita a in Southern Arizona, Rothrock (652), in 1874. ‘*The best lumber of that 
region, there called yellow pine.” This seems to be a meagre account to found a new species upon in a genus so [261] 
difficult as Pinus, but I find it impossible to unite it with any other of the allied species. It has the cone of 
ponderosa, especially of that form figured by Torrey as P. deflexa, and, like all forms of that species, it has the peculiarity 
that the fallen cones, found on the ground, are always imperfect, their lowest part remaining attached to the branch for 
another season ; I do not know of any other pine with this singular character. But we could not well class this 5-leaved 
pine with the 3-leaved ponderosa. On the other hand, the form of the cone and its scales will not permit us to refer it 
to the Mexican P. pce though ee structure of the leaf is very similar to that of this polymorphous species, 
which appears to include e . Hartw three parenchymatous ducts of the leaf and the strengthening cells,” 
within the sheath of the ees are nite as we find them in Montezwme, and different from pondero. 
PINUS PONDEROSA, Doug! Parlat. 1. c. 305. — A large tree, with large and spreading head, thick, dads cracked, 
red-brown eh and heavy, resinous yellowish wood ; thick branchlets, rough from leaf-scars and the persistent rem- 
nants of bracts; leaves in twos or mostly in threes, 4-8 inches, in some rare forms 10-12 inches long, ? line wide, 
with sheaths at first 1 inch long, when old withering to 2 or 3 lines long ; staminate flowers cylindric, with an involucre 
of 10 or 12 scales, the lowest pair of which is about two-thirds as long as the innermost ; anthers with a large sub- 
orbicular crest; fertile aments sub-terminal ; patulous cones oval or rarely elongated, very variable in size, 2-6 inches 
long ; knob of the scales more or less prominent, and in some forms even recurved, bearing a rather stout A tig, 
cate: black, ridged on the lower side, wing broadest in the snidale- ; cotyledons 6-8, or in the larpeat seeds asm 0. 
Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, extending through the Northern Rocky Mountains and phiwaae regions 
to Oregon and California, mostly in the middle altitudes; the most common and most useful timber of many 
7 This name has been given to aecgarnen cells with occasionally wre ngs the duets, e.g. in P. pon derosa, also 
mbro 
very thick walls, destitute of chlorophyll, which are charac- in the Ce id Pines and in P. Balfouriana and P. aristata ; 
teristic of most pine-leaves, and by their different disposition 
: . . - : T 
eter as the epidermis-cells themselves. We find them also 
while in P. jlewilis ther always leave the ducts free, a char- 
acter by which we can readily distinguish the leaves of these 
species, otherwise so similar. Not rarely are they found 
within the sheath, strengthening, as it seems, the centre of 
leaf. 
