ABIETINEZ OF CALIFORNIA. . 351 
VII. THE AMERICAN SPRUCES. 
FroM THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE, N. 8., Vou. XI. Mar. 15, 1879. 
PICEA, Linx nor Don. [334] 
A. Leaves more or less square ; stomata on all sides. 
A. Northeastern and Northern species. 
. PICEA ALBA, with slenderer leaves on the glabrous branchlets ; cylinder cones with smooth-edged flexible 
wal Aiehdusen after maturity. 
. PicEA NIGRA, with stouter leaves on the pubescent branchlets ; ovate cones with rigid denticulate scales, more 
or me oenidan nt. 
Var. RUBRA, with larger, darker leaves ; larger bright red brown cones, more readily deciduous after maturity. 
B. Rocky Mountain species. 
3. Picka ENGELMANNI (Pi tata, Parlat.), with stouter leaves on the pubescent branchlets ; sub-cylindric 
cones with flexible, erose, or emarginate scales ; deciduous 
. PICEA PUNGENS (Abies Menziesii of the Rocky Mountain vith with glabrous branchlets ; very rigid, strongly 
pointed and pungent leaves, in young trees compressed, in old ones often flattened ; large cylindrical cones, with 
very a rece: emarginate, very flexible, squarrose scales ; sole larger, with a toad obovate wing, and 5-8 
cotyledon 
B. Leaves flattened; stomata only on the upper side. Pacific Coast species. 
5. Picea SircHensis (Abies Menziesit of the Pacific coasts). — Leaves thin, blunt or short-pointed ; cones much 
shorter than in last ; scales similar ; seeds small, with a very narrow wing, and only four cotyledons. Seems to include 
several East Asiatic nominal species.” 
VIII. ABIETINEA OF CALIFORNIA. 
From Botany OF CALIFoRNIA, 1880, Vou. II]. [ADVANCE PAGES ISSUED IN OCTOBER 1879.] 
7. ABIES, Link. Fir* 
Flowers from the axils of last year’s leaves : male flowers in the form of an oval or cylindrical stamineal. [117] 
column, its short stipe surrounded by numerous bud scales ; commissure of the anthers terminating in a knob ; 
cells bursting transversely ; pollen-grains large (.06 to .07 line long), with 2 air-sacs. Female aments erect, the bract 
much larger than the scale. Cones maturing in the first year, erect, their scales and enclosed or exsert membranaceous 
bracts falling at maturity from the persistent axis. Seeds covered with resin-vesicles and partially but permanently 
enclosed in the Ppanaes sm base of the wing, which covers the outer and laps over upon the inner surface. Coty- 
ledons normally 4 t — Magnificent trees, of pyramidal sate and rapid growth, but with brittle and easily decaying 
wood ; leaves ait ae a oiler never prominent base, mostly more or less flattened and often emarginate, on the 
horisontal branchlets appearing 2-ranked by a twist near the base, bearing stomata only or mainly on the lower surface, 
with two longitudinal resin-ducts mostly close to the epidermis of the lower side or, in some species, within the paren- 
Gece En ngelm, in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. 593. Abies, Tournefort, in part. Pinus, Linn., in part. Pinus, sect. 
Abies, Endlicher ; Parlatore. Picea, Don. 
1 A very blue form of this has lately been cultivated in to belong here ; and the Wa | discovered Servian 4. Omorika 
——— nurseries under the name of Abies Parryana. apparently stan ae very nea 
chensis is the oldest oped name, and must be * The synopsis of avg — with wood-cuts, is 
subgtituted for the more generally adopted Menziesii. A. printed in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, n. s., Vol. xii., Nov. 29, 
ezoensis (in part), A. microsperma, and perhaps others, seem 1879, pp. 684-685. — Eps. 
