352 ABIETINEZ OF CALIFORNIA. 
The 16 or 18 species of this genus are confined to the mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere, one half 
to the Old, the other half to the New World. Of these two are found northward and eastward, one in Mexico, and 
the rest in the mountains of the Pacific slope. 
* Leaves flat or flattish, [118] 
+ cick side of the leaves dark green, glossy, and without stomata. 
++ Leaves acute : linear tip of the bracts long-exserted. 
A. BRACTEATA, Nutt. A tall slender strictly pyramidal tree, 100 to 150 feet high and 1 or 2 feet in diameter, 
with brown bark : leaves mostly somewhat 2-ranked, linear or linear-lanceolate, an inch or two long by 1 to 1} lines 
wide, with two pale (or in young leaves white) bands beneath : cones oval to subcylindric, 3 or 4 inches long and 1} to 
2 inches thick ; bracts cuneate-obcordate, scarcely exceeding the transversely oval glabrous scales, terminating in 
- elongated linear foliaceous midribs or awns (1 to 14 inches long) : seeds as long as the obovate rounded wing. — Sylva, 
iii. 137, t. 118 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4740; Murr. in Edinb, New Phil. Journ. x. 1, t. 2; Engelm. 1. ¢. 601. Pinus 
venusta, Dougl. in Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 152. P. bracteata, Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 442. 
Thus far only known from the Santa Lucia Mountains, at an elevation of 3,000 to 6,000 feet. The pointed buds 
are unusually large for the genus (about half an inch long), covered with imbricated scales, 
++ +4 Leaves obtuse or emarginate: bracts enclosed. 
A. Granpis, Lindl. Very tall (200 to 300 feet high and 3 or 4 feet in diameter), with smooth brownish bark : 
leaves channelled above and glossy, with two pale or white bands beneath, an inch or two long and somewhat 2-ranked 
on the younger or lower branches, on the higher branchlets shorter, somewhat cuneate, and crowded on their upper 
side ;: cones cylindric, retuse, 2 to 4 inches long, with scales (13 or 14 lines wide) nearly twice broader than high, the 
quite short obcordate or 2-lobed bracts with or without a short point: wing of the seeds very oblique, about as broad 
as long. — Penny Cyc. i. 30; Engelm. 1. ¢. 598. Pinus grandis, Dougl.; Parlat. P. nei Dougl. ?; not of Jater 
authors. Picea grandis, Loud. ‘Arbor. iv. eat. fig. ; Newberry, Pacif. R. ee vi. 46, fig. 1 
Confined principally to the northern Pacific Coast, where it extends from British poeta to Northern California, 
as far south as Mendocino. Probably the largest fir known ; in Oregon one of the important timber-trees, though the 
wood is inferior to that of the Douglas and Sitcha spruces. Readily distinguished from the mountain firs by the es 
green upper surface of the leaves, and by the other characters enumerated above. 
+ + Leaves pale and with stomata on both sides. 
3. A. concotor, Lindl. A large tree, 80 to 150 feet high with a diameter of 2 to 4 feet, with rough grayish bark : 
aor mostly obtuse, pale green ines of younger trees and lower branches elongated, 2 to 24 and even 3 inches long, 
2-ranked, often alaphily channelled and notched, those of old trees and of upper cinshearing branches shorter (an inch 
long), eueie r, thicker, convex above and often falcate, covering the upper side of the branchlets : cones oblong-cylin- 
ical, 3, 4, or even 5 inches long and 1} to 1? inches in diameter, pale green or sometimes dull purplish ; scales (12 
to 15 lines wide) nearly twice wider than high ; bracts short, enclosed, truncate or emarginate, with or without a short 
mucro : wing of the seeds oblique, as long as broad : cotyledons 5 to 7. — Journ. Hort. Soc. v. 210 ; Engelm. 1. ¢. 600, 
and Wheeler’s Rep. vi. 255. Picea concolor, Gordon, Pin. 155. Pinus concolor, Engelm. ; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. xvi’, 
426. Abies Lowiana, Murr. A. grandis of the Californian botanists. A. amabilis (?), Watson, Bot. King Exp. 333. 
A common fir throughout the Californian sierras, from 3,000 or 4,000 to 8,000 feet elevation, extending into 
Southern Oregon and through the mountains of Arizona to Utah and S. Colorado. Always readily recognized by the 
gray bark of the trunk (whence often called in California “White Fir”), and by the pale color of the foliage, sree at 
last becomes dull green. A very ornamental tree, especially the paler variety, but the timber is not much estee 
P. Lowiana, known also in nurseries as P. Parsoniana, lasiocarpa, and amabilis, distinguished by its longer sane: 
straighter leaves with fewer stomata on the upper side, is a young <i vigorous state of this species, which has not yet 
fruited in cultivation. 
* * Leaves more or lees quadrangular, short and curved upward. [119] 
+ Bracts exsert. 
4, A. nosruis, Lindl. — A magnificent tree, 200 feet high, with thick cinnamon-brown bark (red inside) : leaves 
rigid, curved upward, covering the upper side of the branchlets, glaucous and stomatose and keeled both on the upper 
and under side, acute or obtuse, about an inch long, only on the youngest trees or lowest branches longer (14 inches), 
flatter, slightly grooved and somewhat 2-ranked ; cones cylindrical-oblong, thick, 6 to 9 inches long by 2} or 3 
inc shes broad, obtuse, almost covered by the exsert reflexed cuneate cuspidate bracts; scales comparatively narrow qs 
inches wide, by an inch long or more): seeds slender, with a cuneate-triangular somewhat retuse wing : embryo with 7 
or 8 cotyledons. — Penny Cyc. i. 30; Nutt. 1. _ t.117; Engelm. 1. c. 601. Pinus nobilis, Dougl.; Parlat. Picea nobilis, 
Loud. 1. c. 2342, fig.; Newberry, Lc. 49, fig. 17. 
