158 
Lilium Canadense, L. Lynchburg, along the banks of the James 
River; alt 500 ft. Peak Creek, on Peak Mt, alt. 2,200 ft. 
White Rock Mt., alt. 4,400 ft. 
When first seen these lilies were taken for Z. Grayi, but careful 
comparison with well authenticated specimens of that latter species 
prove them to be in all probability L. Canadense. The flower has 
the shape and appearance of that of Z. Canadense and the dark 
red color of Z. Grayi. It may possibly be a mountain variety of 
L. Canadense.* 
Litium CAROLINIANUM, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i. 197. (L. superbum, 
L., var. Carolinianum, Chapm. Fl. S. States, 484.) 
The above species has had a curious and complicated history, 
and until the plant can be studied more thoroughly in the field, 
especially in the districts south and east of the Southern Alle- 
ghanies, no attempt will be made to give it at length. However, 
it may be said here that the later botanists were for some un- 
accountable reason misled, and either erroneously made the plant 
a variety of L. superbum or ignored it wholly. It is hardly as 
closely related to that speciesas L. Canadense is. One reason for its 
general obscurity may be the very poor descriptions of it that have 
been published; for example, Dr. Watson's in his Revision of the 
North American Liliaceæ, “ Low: flowers few (I to 3).” As will 
be shown elsewhere, the plant is not at all rare in the Southern 
States, but for the convenience of persons interested in the flora 
of that district a description is here given, which will also serve to 
bring out the distinctions between it and related species. 
Perennial, glabrous and more or less glaucous throughout; 
stem erect, simple, 3-9 dm. tall, slightly mottled ; leaves oblanceo- 
late or obovate, 3-11 cm. long, mostly obtuse, sometimes acute, 
rather fleshy, 3-nerved, entire, often slightly crisped, in whorls of 
3to 7 or on small plants alternate and scattered; the one to three, 
flowers (generally one) nodding, orange-red, the tips of the seg- 
ments darker, mottled with dark purple; the divisions of the peri- 
anth lanceolate, strongly recurved in the lower half, more or less 
straight above, glossy; fruit obovoid, about 3 cm. long. 
* It id be well to note here that the specimens collected on the Peaks of Otter 
in 1890 (Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, ii. 50) are this same form of Z. Canadense, and 
though Z. Gray! is reported from that mountain, we did not find it there. A. M. V. 
LI 
