282 
pendicularly as possible, apparently obeying the same law as the 
main root. 
When the fruit begins to develop, the growth of the gynophore 
ceases. The first intimation that the fruit is about to form is a 
very slight swelling in the lower part of the ovary. As it devel- 
ops, growth takes place more rapidly on one side than the other, 
so that the fruit is turned to one side with its length parallel to 
the surface of the ground. The lower seed, that is the seed next 
to the base of the ovary, grows to some size before the other be- 
gins its growth. (There are seldom more than two.) 
Seeds were also kept germinating in the laboratory in saw- 
dust during the two years of study. It was observed that after 
the root had grown about from one to two mm. in length, the 
epidermis would break in a circular line around its entire circum- 
ference. This happened invariably. This line marks the limit 
between the root and hypocotyl, as is shown by the change in the 
bundles at this point from radial to collateral. As the primary 
root grows it soon develops rootlets which appear in four regular 
longitudinal rows at an equal distance from each other. Neither 
the rootlets nor main root bear root hairs. Their surface is 
roughened and of a yellowish color, both appearances being due 
to tissue which scales off, the cast-off tissue being decidedly 
yellow. The etiolated hypocotyl is thick and fleshy and often 
much curved in its efforts to extricate the cotyledons from the 
shell. It frequently narrows down to a thinner portion near the 
cotyledons which is green. This thickening of the etiolated 
portion of the hypocotyl is of special interest for the following 
reason: Experiments have shown that the rule for stems grow- 
ing in darkness is an abnormal growth in length and generally 
at the expense of the other two dimensions. In this instance the 
rule is reversed, and a similar case has been recorded by Kraus 
where the etiolated portion of the hypocotyl of a plant of Lupinus 
Termis was more than twice as thick as a normal hypocotyl. 
The shoot which develops from the plumule becomes the central 
upright stem of the plant. 
Anatomy and Development of the Gynophore. 
Longitudinal sections were made through young flower buds, 
at a stage before the formation of the egg in the embryo-sac, or at 
