BY JAMES BACKHOUSE WALKEH. 165 



subordinate only to himself as Governor-in-Chief of New 



South Wales and its dependencies. 



Governor King's instructions to the new Lieut.- Instructions 



Governor present curious matter for study. We may *° T Pater ™!i 

 1, , ,. ,. ,, . •' . /? ..■' 1 June, 1804. 



pass over the usual directions as to the treatment ot the ' 



aborigines, the investigation of the products of the 

 country, the care of clothing, stores, and live stock, the 

 oversight of the convicts, the regulations for the occupa- 

 tion of lands and their cultivation, religious worship, 

 and so forth. But there are other features in the instruc- 

 tions which present a very striking contrast to what 

 would in these days be thought proper to inculcate on 

 the founder of a new colony. It must never be forgotten 

 that these early establishments were not colonies at all 

 in the modern sense, but military posts, established for 

 political purposes, in which a limited number of convicts 

 were utilised to provide the labour necessary for their 

 maintenance. Instead, therefore, of encouraging trade 

 and settlemenl, every possible precaution was taken to 

 ensure the most complete isolation. This had the double 

 object of keeping out foreign intruders and guarding 

 against the escape of the convicts. Paterson was 

 expressly enjoined to take particular care that all com- 

 munication with the East India Company's possessions, 

 with China, or with the islands visited by any European 

 nation should be rigorously interdicted, or only allowed 

 on the special authorisation of the Indian Government. 

 No craft of any sort was to be built by any private 

 person without a written licence from the Governor in 

 Sydney. No intercourse was to be permitted between 

 persons arriving in any vessel and the inhabitants of the 

 settlement without the Lieut.-Governor's special permis- 

 sion. The American sealers who had given so much 

 trouble to King had been building vessels from the 

 wrecks of the Sydney Cove and other ships. These, if 

 met with, were to be seized by putting the King's mark 

 upon them. The introduction and sale of spirits by 

 private persons was prohibited, and any which were intro- 

 duced -were to be seized and destroyed. 



By the end of September H.M.S. Buffalo was fitted General order, 

 and ready for sea. The armed tender Lady Nehon and 22 Sept., 1804. 

 the Colonial schooners Francis and Integrity were to q (i ^ u ^ & 

 accompany her, and assist in conveying the people and 30 g e p t J 1804. 

 stores to the new colony. Paterson's establishment 

 consisted of Dr. Jacob Mountgarrett (who had come up 

 with Lt. Bowen in the Ocean on 24 Aug., and on leaving King to 

 Bisdon had received the appointment of Surgeon) ; ^obart, ^^ 



