XV 



New Zealand, where it curves northward and westward till it attains 

 a latitude more or less corresponding with that of the north of 

 Australia. Sometimes New Guinea is connected with the Terra Aus- 

 tralia ; in other maps, they are separated. The coast-line finally recedes 

 southward and westward to the samehighla itude in which itoriginated. 

 " Two sources are clearly indicated whence this augmentation took 

 their rise. First, we must look to the pages of Marco Polo, who tells 

 us that by steering a course between south andsouth-west from Java for 

 seven hundred miles, ' you fall in with two islands, the larger of which is 

 named Sondur, and the other Kondur. Both being uninhabited, it is 

 unnecessary to say more respecting them. Having run the distance of 

 fifty (or five hundred) miles, from these islands, in a south easterly 

 direction, you reach an extensive and rich province, that forms a part of 

 the main land, and is named Locach, (in. 7.) It has been shown that 

 ' Java ' was erroneously introduced into the text as the poiut of depar- 

 ture, it should have read 'Champa,' — the ancient name of a kingdom 

 which en; braced the coast from Tongking to Cambodia. Colonel Yule shows 

 Locach to have been Lo-kok, the lower part of what is now Siam ; Sondur 

 and Condur were the Pulo Condore Islands. The cartographers of that 

 age, however, implicitly following the text of Marco Polo, placed these 

 names upon the northern part of the terra australis, and, in their striving 

 after accurate detail, complicated the ancient error. The other source to 

 which I allude, is, of course, the discovery of Magellan in 1520, as 

 indeed appears from the inscription on one of the maps, that of Ortelius 

 (1587) ; 'Hanecontinentem australem nonulli Magellanicam regionem ab 

 ejus inventore nuncupant.' Whether a third source of information may 

 not have been drawn from is a question to which I shall revert further 

 on. 



"Although these engraved maps are less correct than certain MS. maps, 

 the fac-similes of which lie before us, the latter are the earlier. They 

 differ from the engraved maps chiefly in three points. First, that in one 

 of them at least the Southern land is shown independently of any con- 

 nection with the supposed Antarctic continent, or with Magellan's 

 Tierra del Fuego; secondly, that the outline are no longer vague curves 

 but are definitely suggestive of actual observation ; and thirdly, that the 

 bays, capes, and islands bear significant names, and that in the 

 Portuguese language or a Gallicised form of it. 



"There are eight of these maps bearing the names of French carto- 

 graphers although apparently copied from a Portuguese original, and 

 they may be catalogued as follows : — 



1. Map of the world on a plane projection. Anonymous. As it bears 

 his arms, it was probably executed in the time of Francis,I., for his son 

 the Dauphin, afterwards Henry, II. [1530 ?] In the British Museum. 



2. Map of the world in hemispheres in a work, ' The Book of Idro- 

 graphy ' dedicated to Henry VIII. by Jean Hotz, 1542. In the "British 

 Museum. 



3. Map of a part of Asia from Cape Comorin to Aimoey in China. In 

 the same volume. 



4. Map in a hydrographic atlas bearing the name of Nicholas Vallard, 

 Dieppe, and the date 1547. In the library of Sir Thomas Phillips,Bart., 

 Middle Hill, England. 



5. Mappemonde painted on parchment by order of Henry II., King or 

 Franco. 



6. Mappemonde made by Pierre Desceliers, of Arques, 1550. In the 

 British Museum. 



7. Map drawn by Guillaume le Testu in 1555. In a portolano at the 

 Depot de la Guerre in Paris. 



