xliv 





Deaths from 





Typhus and 



Year. 



Typhoid Fever 



1868 ... 



635 ... 



1869 ... 



403 ... 



1870 ... 



392 ... 



1871 ... 



282 ... 



1872 ... 



242 ... 



1873 ... 



232 ... 



1874 ... 



188 ... 



1875 ... 



177 ... 



1876 ... 



225 ... 



1877 ... 



164 ... 



1S78 ... 



115 ... 



1879 ... 



68 ... 



1880 ... 



98 ... 



1881 ... 



75 ... 



1882 ... 



116 ... 



1883 ... 



76 ... 



1884 ... 



73 ... 



slops must of necessity run into the side channel, and it should then 

 be regularly or automatically flushed, nuisance will then be prevented. 

 Some time ago I stated in this room that the great reduction in typhus 

 and typhoid fever cases and deaths in the city of Manchester was 

 synchronous with the alterations effected in the closets of the city, 

 from the cesspit to the dry system. The following are the years in 

 which the Health Committee have been at work, and the results are 

 interesting as a record of lives saved by sanitary operations : — 



Rate per 

 1,000 of 



population. 



... 1'83 



... 1T6 



... 113 



... -80 



... -68 



... '66 



... '53 



... -51 



... "63 



... '46 



... -32 



... -18 



... -24 



... -21 



... -33 



... '21 



... -21 



The deaths from the five principal zymotic diseases within the same 

 years decrease gradually from 2,342 deaths in 1868 to 720 deaths in 

 1884. It would, therefore, appear that the sanitary operations in that 

 city must not be characterised as a disastrous failure, but as a glorious 

 success. 



In section 51 of Mr. Mault's report it is stated that the yearly cost 

 of street sweeping and pail collecting for the city of Manchester is 

 £87,000. Mr. Mault has been misinformed. The absolate cost of 

 the department for 1884 was £86,814, and for that sum the following 

 work was done : — £17,000 was spent in maintaining and looking after 

 those afflicted with infectious disease ; 1,092 cases were taken to 

 hospital ; 1,814 houses were disinfected and thoroughly cleansed ; 11,947 

 articles of bedding were disinfected ; 675gal. of medicine (diarrhoea 

 mixture) were distributed at the police stations for the poor ; 6,691 barrels 

 of water were used on the streets ; 270 horses, 100 carts, and 30 

 sweeping machines were kept at work ; 120 vans were washed every 

 day ; 300 miles of courts and alleys were kept clean ; 900 miles of 

 footpaths, and 475 miles of streets containing 64,283,502 sq. yards of 

 carriage way were kept clean ; 52 public urinals were cleansed twice 

 each day ; 90,000 street grids were opened and cleaned ; 54 private 

 slaughterhouses were regularly cleared of refuse ; 50,000 dustbines 

 were emptied once, twice or thrice, each week ; 66,000 closet pails were 

 removed, 'emptied and washed, all once, some twice and some thrice, 

 each week ; 217,274 tons of refuse matter were taken to the depots 

 and disposed of at a cost of £43,526 10s. 6d., and 117,455 tons of this 

 consisting of street sweepings and pail contents. So that the sweeping 

 and pail collecting, is but a small part of the sanitary operations of 

 Manchester and could not possibly cost £87,000 nor yet one half of that 

 sum. 



