running more or less at right angles to the main anticlinal. 

 The south-western portion of the mountains in Otago is 

 separated geologically from the rest by a fault running 

 through Lake Te Anau in a north and south direction, with 

 its upthrow to the west. 



Four different rock systems take part in building up 

 these mountains. The first is the Manapotjei System * 

 composed of Gneiss and Schists of Archasan age. It occupies 

 the south-western portion of Otago, which has been thrown 

 up by the fault and appears again in places along the main 

 anticlinal axis through Westland and Kelson to Tasman's Bay. 

 The second is the Takaka System, which is largely developed 

 on both sides of the main anticlinal in Otago, extends 

 through Westland and Nelson at the western base of the Alps 

 and is found on the eastern side along the secondary 

 antichnals in Kelson and South Canterbury. The age of this 

 system is probably Ordovician and Silurian and partly 

 perhaps Devonian. It is composed of Schistose rocks, which, 

 m Nelson, get slaty, and contain Graptolites, while in Otago 

 they are quite crystalline and foliated. Whether these 

 Schists of Otago (Wanaka System) are truly the equivalents 

 of the more slaty and calcareous rocks in Nelson (Takaka 

 System) or whether they form an underlying system has not 

 yet been proved. The third is the Maitai System, which 

 forms the principal parts of the mountains in East Nelson, 

 Marlborough, and Canterbury, and occupies the synclinal 

 m West Nelson. Its age appears to be Carboniferous. The 

 Tocks are never Schistose, but often include basic eruptive 

 rocks, such as Diabase and Serpentine, and more rarely, 

 as at Croixelles Harbour, near Nelson, acidic Felsites. The 

 j ™ 1 ^ th e Hokanui System, a littoral formation 20,000 

 to ^5,000 feet thick with plant remains all through it. In 

 age it probably covers the Triassic and part of the Jurassic 

 periods. It occurs along the synclinal in Southland, as well 

 as m those of East Nelson and Canterbury, but it is not 

 found in Westland nor in Western Nelson, f 



Exposures of granite, belonging probably to the Maitai 

 System, occur in Preservation Inlet on the south-west coast 

 of Otago, and in _ Westland and Nelson, chiefly along the 

 main anticlinal axis. 



The next rock system is of cretaceous, probably upper 

 cretaceous, age, and is known as the Waipaea System. Along 



*Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, Vol. 41, p. 194, 



t In the Quar. Jour. Geol. Soo. of London, Vol. 32 p 54 Dr Hector 

 gives a section from the Alps to Brighton, on the West Coast, in which this 

 system (marked p.) is shown But this section appears to be quite a 

 hypothetical one, and intended to explain how the rocks would occur if 

 they were present ; for it shews other rocks (k) with "Saurian bones, 

 Ammonites, &c, although none have ever been found on the West Coast. 



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