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snow-clad peak. In latitude 78 ; J- they found their further 

 progress south stopped by a barrier of ice, presenting a 

 perpendicular cliff to the sea, from 150 to 200 feet high. 

 After sailing along this barrier for some distance, they found 

 the sea beginning to freeze, so they retraced their course 

 along Victoria Land until Eoss was able definitely to fix the 

 position of the South Magnetic Pole ; but owing to the 

 impossibility of scaling the ice barrier and traversing the 

 land, they did not attempt to reach the exact spot. Eoss 

 thus achieved the remarkable distinction of being the dis- 

 coverer of both the magnetic poles of the earth ; he had 

 actually stood upon the spot of the North Magnetic Pole. 



One incident of this trip led to much acrimonious discus- 

 sion. Wilkes had presented Eoss with a chart of his 

 discoveries, showing a shore line backed with mountains 

 extending from 97 to 107 E. long. Eoss sailed right over 

 the spot where Wilkes showed a mountain, and as the 

 weather was perfectly clear at the time, Eoss says he should 

 have seen any high land within a radius of 70 miles. He 

 hove his lead in 600 fathoms where a mountain had been 

 reported. The Erebus and Terror returned to Hobart from 

 this voyage. 



On their second voyage they visited New Zealand and the 

 islands to the south. They encountered the first icebergs in 

 lat. 58deg. 36mm., and entered the ice-pack in lat. 60deg. 

 50min. On this occasion they encountered much more pack 

 ice than on their first voyage ; and it is somewhat remarkable 

 that whereas Cook reached his highest point without entering 

 the ice, Eoss and Crozier passed through 800 miles of it 

 before reaching the same parallel. They reached 78deg. S. 

 somewhat to the east of their former position ; they traced 

 the barrier along for some distance to the eastward, and 

 although they saw appearances of land, they made no im- 

 portant discoveries. They retreated along the edge of the 

 pack, and then bore away for the Falkland Islands, where they 

 wintered. 



In 1843 they explored the islands near the S. Shetlands, 

 discovering new land in several places. They reached 71deg. 

 30miu. S., beating Bellinghausen, but failing to equal Wed- 

 dell, who reached 74deg. They found it impossible to make 

 a way through the pack ice without running great risk of 

 being frozen in ; they therefore made their way up to the 

 Cape of Good Hope, and then back to England. 



This may be said to close the history of Antarctic discovery, 

 for although the Challenger steamed south from Kerguelen, 

 she only went as far as 66deg. 40min., where they searched 

 for Wilkes' Termination. Land without finding it ; she sounded 



