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be such, can be chosen on the east side of the map. Let us, 

 however, take the points C. de Freinose and the extreme 

 south point of definite outline on the same side of the map, 

 and let us assume for a moment with Mr. Petherick that 

 these represent the East Cape of New Zealand and the 

 southern extremity of the Middle Island. On a modern map 

 that coast extends for 9deg.; on the Dauphin map for lOdeg.; 

 and Mr. Petherick would have us believe that this singular 

 agreement between ancient and modern geographers is nul- 

 lified by the enormous error of lldeg. in the total distance of 

 3deg. from Hauraki Gulf to Bast Cape. I think it will be 

 admitted at least that analogy does not support either of 

 these hypotheses. 



To aid us to a conclusion, I will assume that the indented 

 line from ' Baye NeulVe ' to ' C. de Fremose' does not 

 correspond with any actual coast-line. This assumption 

 cannot be rated as unwarrantable when regard is had to 

 certaiu other portions of the map. On the north side, Java, 

 Sumbava, Plores, and a multitude of other islands are 

 brought into close proximity or actually joined to Jave la 

 Grande by means of lines which we know to have no real 

 existence. They are so united to Australia in obedience 

 to a pre-conceived theory of the unbroken continuity of all 

 austral land. Similarly, on the south, 

 prolonged far beyond their actual limits, 

 tion of such another theoretical line 

 the map under consideration will explain all discrepancies 

 not otherwise explicable, except by hypotheses which do 

 violence to the unity of the map, such an assumption is, I 

 hold, worthy of serious attention. What do we find, then, 

 if the line in question be left out? First, that the cast coast 

 of Jave la Grande now terminates in about 44deg. S., and 

 that the last three or four degrees of its outline bear a re- 

 semblance to the east and south-east coasts of Tasmania, 

 with the islands adjacent, almost as great as that borne by 

 Tasman's map (1644), and greater than that borne by the 

 chart of Furneaux (1773). Secondly, that the coast-line 

 from '0. de Fremose' to the southern limit of definite outline 

 on the same side of the map corresponds in length with the 

 east coasts of New Zealand from East Cape to the south of 

 Stewart's Island. There is a great error in the latitude, but, 

 as Mr. Major reminds us, " for the Portuguese this was the 

 remotest point for investigation, and, consequently, the least 

 likely to be definite." The errors in longitude, which Mr. 

 Petherick would explain by a reference to the supposed 

 narrowness of the Pacific Ocean, are in reality less than those 

 perpetrated on the other coasts of Jave la Grande, and 

 amount to about 8deg. at the southern, and 5deg. at the 



the coasts are 

 If the assump- 

 in the part of 



