44 Fingal and East Coast. 



clay of a deep bay, in the soft bottom and luxuriant marine 

 vegetation of which myriads of Testacece, adapted to the 

 use of man, and easily within his reach, find shelter and 

 sustenance. 



These quiet corners are, moreover, the receptacles into 

 which the never-ceasing eddies of the ocean throw more 

 or less of the remains of its varied contents. It is in 

 such clayey beds in the ancient sandstone strata that 

 organic fossil remains are most abundant. 



The newer brown sandstone, between which and the 

 palaeozoic limestone the coal group is situated, occurs at 

 various localities and elevations in the tract of country 

 under consideration. Upon the east coast it forms a rocky 

 bar to the mouth of the Douglas River, and stretches, after 

 an interval of a few hundred yards, for a mile to the 

 southward of that point, rising into cliffs of 10 and 12 

 feet in height, and stretching in long flat shelving beds, 

 between high and low water-mark, into the sea. 



A few miles up the Douglas River it rises into steep 

 hills, with perpendicular escarpments towards the river 

 of 150 feet and upwards, dipping to south west, south 

 south west, and south, generally at angles of about 15°; 

 but having evidently been subjected, with the beds below, 

 to considerable disturbance. 



Along the chain of greenstone hills bounding the flat 

 country through which the Apsley River meanders, 

 before it is lost in the marshes at the head of Moulting 

 Bay, near Swanport, this sandstone is elevated to 300 

 feet above the sea level, varying in dip round the inflexion 

 of almost every hill, and stretching about the township 

 ofLlandafF, and at one or two other points into the 

 plains below, as far as the Apsley itself. 



In the valley of St. Paul's I found it forming high 

 cliff":?, overlying the true coal sandstone near Mount 

 Henry, on the south side of that valley, and not far 



