ROSE FAMILY 



ROSACEAE 



JUNEBERRY. SHAD BUSH 



Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medic, var. Botryapium (L.f.)T. &G. 



The Juneberry, also called Shad Bush and Sarvice, is a tall 

 shrub or small tree 9-30 feet high or possibly more. It is quite 

 common in dry open woodlands from Nova Scotia to western 



Ontario and south to Louisiana and 

 Florida. The wood of this plant is 

 brown and very hard. 



The alternate leaves when young 

 are brownish purple and folded 

 lengthwise. They are then also 

 densely matted with wool, and re- 

 tain a sparse hairiness even when 

 old or become smoothish very late. 



The flowers appear in April or 

 May before the leaves are fully de- 

 veloped. The calyx is cleft into 5 

 short lobes, and the 5 white, strap- 

 shaped petals and numerous sta- 

 mens are attached above the ovary. 

 There are 5 styles united at their 

 bases. 



The fruit ripens in June or early 

 July. It is berrylike, reddish purple 

 or dark purple, and divided by thin 

 partitions into 10 parts, each of 

 which contains i seed. Sometimes, 

 however, i or more seeds fail to develop. On some plants the 

 berries are very juicy and sweet and are relished by man and 

 birds, but on others they are dry and tasteless. The dark purple 

 fruits are usually better than the reddish ones. 



The Dwarf Juneberry, Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) C. Koch, 

 is a shrub 3-4 feet high that grows on steep rocky banks, and be- 

 cause of its stoloniferous stems, in colonies. It is rare and local 

 in Illinois. The small leaves are hairy and coarsely toothed. 

 The flowers have 5 short, ovate petals, and 5 short, ovate, greenish 

 white sepals. The red fruit is globular, one-quarter inch in 

 diameter, and its top is woolly. This plant is restricted generally 

 to the banks of streams from eastern Quebec and central Maine 

 to the mountains of western Massachusetts and westward about 

 the Great Lakes. 



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