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tinct and regular. Along the range, this crest line Is nearly level, its 

 elevation above the lake being one thousand to eleven hundred feet. 

 But there are two ranges, known in the country as the first and the 

 second, or the " Copper " and the " Iron " range. There is not much 

 difference in their elevation. The copper range being nearest the 

 coast, covers the iron range, which, at the distance of thirty miles, is 

 only visible through gaps and notches, the whole forming one blended 

 line in the horizon. To the south, beyond the iron range, the coun- 

 try is lower and swampy. 



Two roads were soon constructed to the mineral deposits through 

 the dense evergreen forests of this latitude. One of them commenced 

 at the lake, near the mouth of the Montreal River, and near the ter- 

 mination of the fourth principal meridian, extending thence south 

 and not far from the meridian line. The other began on Chegoimegon 

 Bay, at Ashland, pursuing also a southerly course, and, after reaching 

 the second range, connected along it to the eastward with the first 

 road, passing the cabins of the pre-emptors. In 1859, Mr. Daniels, 

 of the Wisconsin Geological Survey, and Mr. Lapham, of Milwaukie, 

 examined the iron range in behalf of a company which had made 

 extensive purchases there, and had caused a survey for a railway to 

 be made with a view to the manufacture of iron. 



Mr. Lapham's report was published in pamphlet form, but as yet 

 no iron works have been erected there. The region was again ex- 

 amined by me in 1860, on the part of the State of Wisconsin. As 

 my reports upon the Bad River Country, and those of 1858, " Upon 

 the rocks of the Menominee River, associated with iron ores," have 

 not been published, I propose to offer in this paper a brief notice of 

 the analyses of specimens from the " Penokie " range, etc. 



By referring to the " Proceedings of the American Association, 

 for 1859," a short article will be found relating to the azoic 

 slates of the Menominee, in which iron is a constant and large in- 

 gredient. So many discussions have taken place during the last fif- 

 teen years upon the origin of the azoic rocks in Canada and in 

 Michigan that it becomes important to have all the results of chemical 

 examinations before the public. I propose to do nothing more than 

 present these results, with such a general description of the forma- 

 tions west of the Montreal River, on the south shore of Lake Superior, 

 as will enable geologists to use them. 



The profile accompanying my map for the Wisconsin Report of 

 1860 is made across the stratification, from the village of Hough- 

 ton, on Chegoimegon Bay, in a southeasterly direction, through the 

 Dalles of Tyler's Fork, in Town 45, North Range, 2 West. The 

 formations are lettered A, B, C, D and E, reckoning downward 

 from the Potsdam sandstone, A, to the sienite and granite, E. But 



