APHRIZIDiE — THE TURNSTONES. 21 



Sp. Char. Adult: Chin and throat, a Inrgo loral patch, another covering terminal half 

 of the auriculars, border of the piloum, and larye transverse patch on each side of the ju»fu- 

 lum, white; stripe from the frontlet to the eye, squarish patih beneath the eye, malar 

 stripe, side of the neck, juCTiIum.and sides of the breast uniform black, all those markings 

 confluent and sharply defined. Remiiinder of the lowi^r parts, upper part of the rump, 

 upper tnil-coverts, and ends of secondaries, pure white. BrpeAlna plumage: Upper part3 

 dusky blackish, the winjr-coverts lighter, more brownish gray, the feathcirs showing darker 

 centres; back and scapulars little, if at all, varied with rufous; crown dusky, uniform, or 

 streaked. Spring [or winter) plumage: Upper parts mixed black and bright rufous, the 

 latter color occupying chiefly the middle of the back (longitudinally) and the wing-coverts; 

 the scapulars and tcrtials mixed black and rufous. Tileura more streaked with white, and 

 mai-kings about the head and neck more sharply defined than in the summer dross. "Bill 

 black; iris hazel; feet deep orange-red, claws black." (Audubon.) Young: Head chiefly 

 mottled grayish, without well-defined markings; black of the jugulum and breast indicated 

 by mottled dusky, occupying the same area, but not sharply defined; upper parts grayish 

 dusky, the feathers bordered terminally with buff or whitish. 



Total length, about 9 inches: wing, 0.00; tail. 2.50; culmen, .80-90; tarsus. 1.00; middle 

 toe, .75. 



The Turnstone occurs in Illinois only as a migrant, and is 

 chiefl3^ confined to the shores of Lake Michigan. There, accord- 

 ing to Mr. Nelson (pp. 123, 124 of his list), it arrives "May 

 15th in full breeding plumage and is found until the first week 

 in June. Keturns early in August, still in breeding plumage, 

 which is exchanged for that of winter during the last of the 

 month. Departs about the 20th of September. ^Yhile here they 

 are generally found in company with flocks of the smaller species 

 of sandpipers." 



