172 BIItDS OF ILLINOIS. 



But a single species of this well-marked genus is known. This, 

 the Harlequin Duck, is common to both continents of the north- 

 ern hemisphere, where it inhabits chiefly high latitudes. 



Histrionicus liistrionicus (Linn). 



HAELEQUIN DTJCK. 



Popular synomyms. Lord and Lady (Maine, New Brunswk-k, etc.); Painted Duck and 

 Mountain Duck {Hudson's Bay); liock Duck (Nova ScOtia); Squealer (Maine). 



^nas ?iis<rionico Linn. S. N. ed. 10, 1, 1758, 127; od. 12, i. 176rt, 201.— WiLS. Am. Om. viii, 



1814, 139, pi. 72 fig. 4. 

 Fuligula iClangula) histrionica BoNAP. Synop. l^liS, 394.— Nutt. Man. ii, 1S34, 448. 

 Fuligula histrionica AVD. Orn. Biog. iii, 1S35, 612; v, li3'J. 617; Synop. 1839, 617; B. Am. 



vl. 1813. 374. pi. 409. 

 Histrionicus histrionicus Bouc. Cat. Av. 1876, 60.— A. O. U. Check List. 1886. No. 155.— 



RiDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887. 107. 

 Clangula torquata Bkehm, Vogelf. 1855, 385. 

 Histrionicus tor quatus Bo's ap. Comp. Rend, xliii, 1856.— Baibd, B. N. Am. 1858, 793: 



Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 596.— Coues, Key, 1872, 291; Check List, 1873, No. 510; B. N. 



W. 1874, 578. 

 Anas nxinuta Linn. S. N. ed. 10, i, 17.';8, 127; ed. 12. i, 1766, 2 '4 (female.) 

 Histrionicus minutus Dkessee, Birds of Europe (in text).— Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 



Club. V, Apr. 1880, 101 ; Check List, 2d ed. 1882, No. 730.— Ridgav. Nom. N. Am. B. 



1881, No. 622.— B. B. & R. Water B. N. Am. ii, 1884, 52. 



IIab. Northern North America, Europe. and Asia; south in winter to the Middle States, 

 lUinois, Missouri, Califo;nia, etc.; breeding south !o Newfoundland, the Northern Rocky 

 Mountains, and in the Sierra Nevada to lat. 38'' orfarther; Iceland; Eastern Asia. 



Sp. Char. Adult male: Entire loral region, continued backward from its upper pai"t in 

 a stripe on each side of the crown, an oval spot over the ears, a s:ripe of a little more than 

 an inch in length down each side of the nape, a narrow collar completely encircUng the 

 lower neck, a broad bar across each side of the breast, the middle portion (longitudinally) 

 of the outer scapulars, the greater part of the tertials, a spot near the tip of the greater 

 v/ing-eoverts, and a small spot on each side of the crissum. at the base of the tail, white. 

 A broad longitudinal stripe on each side of the crown and occiput, with entire sides and 

 flanks, bright 1 ufous. Head and neck, except as described, dark plumbeous, with a faint 

 violaceous cast, becoming gradually black along the border of the white marking?; pileum 

 with a median stripe of blue-black extending from the base of the culmcn to the occiput. 

 Back, chest, and sides of the breast bluish plumbeous, the white collar and the white bar 

 on the sides of the breast bordered on each side by deep blue-black; rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and crissum deep blue-black; abdomen dark sooty grayish, blending insensibly 

 into the plumbeous of the breast and the black of the crissum, but distinctly deOned against 

 the rufous of the sides and flanks; wing-coverts plumbeous-slate; primaries and rectrices 

 dusky black; secondaries ("speculum") metallic dark violet-blue; tertials white, the outer 

 webs edged with black, the inner with dark plumbeous. Bill light yellowish olive, the ex- 

 treme tip paler; iris reddish brown; feot pale bluish, the webs dusky, the claws whitish. 

 A dull male in post-nuptial plumage: Pattern of the head-markings same as in the prece :- 

 iug, but the plumb;'0us much duller, the black stripe of the pileum dusky, the rufous on the 

 sides of the crown and occiput wanting, or but faintly indicated. Upper parts in general 

 ntmrly uniform dusky grayish brown, without woU-doflned white anywhere, no blue-black, 

 and thi; speculum dull dusky brownish gray, with little, if any, gloss. Lower parts grayish 

 white, each feather marked with a subtorminal transverse spot of grayish brown, the sides, 

 flanks, and crissum nearly uniform grayi.-h brown; no rufous on sides or flanks, and col- 

 lar round tho lower neck imperfect, or only shghtly indicated. Adult female: Somewhat 



