106 BraDS OF ILLINOIS. 



B, Lower jfttv wholly naked. Tail-feathers 22. (Subeenus Leptopelicanus.) 



Z P. fosona. Prevailine color dusky, the upper parts silvery-striped in adulta, grayish 

 brown in the young ; bill dull grayish, or purplish brown, stained with red toward end 

 (inbreeding season); pouch greenish brown, grayish, or dusky. Wing. 19.00-21.00 

 Inches: culmen. 9.40-12.20. 



Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmel. 



AMEBICAN WEITE PELICAN, 

 Poptdar synonym. Bough -billed Pelican, 

 Pelecanns ervthrorhynchos Gmel. 8. N. 1. pt. ii. 1788, 571.— Baird. B. N. Am. 1858, 868;. Cat 



N. Am. B. 1359. No. 615.— Elliot, P. Z. S. 1869.588 (monograph c).—Ridow. Orn. •JJlh 



Par. 1877.627 (habits, etc.); Nom. N. Am. B. 1881.6^0; Man N. Am. B. 1887,82.-B B. & 



B. Water B. N. Am. ii, 1884,131— A. O. U. Check List, 1885, No. 12-5. 

 Pelecanu.i trachyrhy chus Lath. Ind. Orn. ii, 1790,884.— Coues. Key 1872.300; Check List, 



1873, No. 526; 2ii ed. 1882, No. 748; B. N.W. 1874,586.— Bendiee. Proc. Bost, Soc. N. H. 



1877. 145 (habits, nest and eggs, etc.) 

 Pelecnnus onocrotalus ("a variety") Fobst. Philos. Trans. Ixii. 1772, 419. 

 Pe.lscanus onocrotalus Bonap. Synop. 1828, 400 {nee Linn.).— Sw. & Rich. F. B.-A. ii. 



1881, 472.— utt. Man. ii. 1834. 471. 

 Pelecanus thagus Steph. Gen Zool. xiil. 1826. 117 (Mexico; nee Molina). 

 Pelecanus hernar*dezii Wagl. Isis, 1832. 123:i (Mexico). 

 Pelecanus americanus AuD. Orn. Biog. Iv, 1838, 88, pi. 311; Synop. 1£39. 309. B. Am. vii. 1814, 



20. pi. 422. 

 Pelecanus occipitalis BiDGW. Am. Sportsman, iv. 1874, 297 (Nevada). 



Hab, The whole of North America, north in the interior to about 61", south to Mexico 

 and Central America In winter; now rare or accidental along the Atlantic coast north of 

 Florida. 



8p. Chae. • Tail-feathers 24; malar region completely feathered; oolor chiefly white; 

 bill, pouch, and feet yellowish or reddish. Adult, nuptial plumage: Culmen with a narrow 

 median horny excresence, situated a little anterior to the middle, the upper outline 

 more or less convex, its fibres obliQuely vertical, its size and exact shape variable. 

 Plumage white, sometimes tinged with pale pinkish, the narrow le-ser wing-coverts and 

 ju^u'ar plumes straw-yellow or (rarely?) pui-plish buff; primaries dull bla k, their j^hafts 

 white toward the base; secondaries dusky, both webe edged with grayish white. U.-^por 

 part of the nape with a pendent crest of long, narrow, silky feathers of a pure white or 

 delicate straw-color. Bill chiefly orange, paler on the culmen. the nails and edges of the 

 maxilla and mandible more reddish; mandible deeper red than the maxilla, growing al- 

 most briok-red basally; pouch dirty whitish anteriorly, where sulYused with blackish, 

 paP.otng sueces-ively through yellow and orange into intense dragon's-b!ood-red, or brick- 

 red, nt the base; lower edge of the mandible sometimes blackish, and side of the mandible 

 Bometimes marked, nearly opposite the maxillary crest, with a somewhat quadrate black 

 spot; baie skin of the lores and oi bital region rich orange- yellow; eyelids dark reddish; 

 Iris pearl- white': legs and feet intense orange-red. Adult. post nuptial plumage (=P. oc- 

 cipitalis Bedgw.): Similar to the above, but maxillary excrescence- wanting (having been 

 cast), and the nuchal crest replaced by a patch of brownish gray. A dull mfall and winter: 

 Similar to the last, but no grayish patch on the occiput (crest also absent), the bill and feet 

 clear yellow. Young: Similar to the winter adult, but lessor wing-eoveits bi ownish gisy 

 centrally, pileum similarly marked; jugular feathers short and broad, and pure white, like 

 the other feathers ol the lower surface; bill, pouch, and feet pale yellow. 



Total length about 53.50-Gl.OO inches; extent. 7.50-9.00 feet ; wing, 22.25-25.25 inches; cul- 

 man, ll.S0-ir.,o0; tarsus. 4.30-4.66; middle toe. 3.70-4.25.» Weight of adult, about 17 pounds. 



>The Irio is said to be sometimes hazel 



•The average of a series of eight adiilt examples Is as follows: Wing, 2S.E6 incJios: cul- 

 men, 13.62: tarsus. 4.50; middle toe, 3.^ 



