44 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



ANALYSIS OP HIGHER GROUPS. 



Bectriees present. 



6.' Nostrils not tubular. 



c' Hind toe. if present, not connected with the anterior ones by a 

 membrane, 

 d.' Bill without fringed or serrate tomia. 



e.' Anterior toes not webbed, or eUse legs excessively length- 

 ened. 

 /.' Lower part of tibia feathered, or else toes united for 

 most of their length. 

 p.' Bill not hooked, or else without cere, 

 /i.' Hind toe. if present, incumbent. 



i.' No web between bases of anterior toes. 

 ;'.' Toes 3 or 4 anteriorly. 



i.' Anterior toes cleft to the base, or 

 else not united beyond first pha- 

 lanx. 

 Z.' Secondaries more than 6. 



jft.' Middle toe considerably 

 longer than the lateral 

 ones, 

 n.' Base of bill without 

 cere. 

 o.' Posterior half of 

 t.'irsus undivided, 

 or if divided the 

 segments distinct 

 from those on an- 

 terior portion. 



Fasseres (Oscines). 

 o.' Posterior half of 

 tarsus reticulate, 

 I or else anterior 



covering wrap- 

 p i n g entirely 

 around the outer 

 and posterior 

 sides to a groove 

 on the inner 

 side.. Fasseres {Clamatores). 

 n.* Base of bill consisting 

 of a soft, swollen 



cere ColnmbsB. 



m.- Middle toe not longer than 

 one or the other of the 



outer ones 



Macrochires iOvpseli). 



J.' Secondaries 6 Macrochires (TrochilCK 



fc.' Anterior toes connected at base for 



more than their ba.sal phalanx 



Coccyges (Alryones). 

 j.' Toes 2 anteriorly. 



fr.' Bill strongly hooked 



Fsittaci (North Avierican species). 



