ANALYSIS OF HIGHER GROUPS. 45 



A;." Bill not strongly hooked. 



U Boctrioos rigid, aoiiminate Pici. 



i* Boctrices neither rigid nor acu- 

 minato. 

 m.i Inner hind toe 5-jointod. 



Coccyges (Trogones). 

 m.i Inner hind toe 2-joiuted, 



Coccyges (Cuculi). 

 i.' With wtibs between bases of anterior toes. 

 },' Gape exeessively broad and deeply cleft. 



^Vings greatly elongated 



Macrochires [Caprimnlgl). 

 ;'.' Gape normal. Wings short, ecncave... 



Gallinse (.Penelopes). 



hj Hind toe elevated Gallinas (.Phasiani). 



0.* Bill strongly hooked, with a distinct cere at base. 



ft.' Toes 2 in front Psittaci [exotic species). 



h.^ Toes 3 in front, or else outer toe reversible, 

 t.' Hind toe inoumbcnt. 



i.' Eyes directed forward. Outer toe re- 

 versible Accipitres iStriges). 



j.* Eyes lateial. Outer toe not reversible 



(except Pandion) Accipitres (Falcones'). 



i.' Hind too short, elevated... Accipitres iSarcorhamphi). 

 /.' Lower part of tibia not feathered near joint, or else bill 

 lengthened and grooved. 

 ff.' Hind toe, if present, elevated, or else claws ex- 

 tremely lengthened. 

 7i.' Whole head feathered, or else size small (length 



less than 1 foot) Limicolae. 



h.' Part of head naked. Size large (more than 3 



feet long) Paludicolae Wrues). 



ff.' Hind toe incumbent, and claws never extremely 

 lengthened. 



h.' Loral and orbital regions fully feathered 



Paludicolae (RnW). 

 h.' Loral or orbital regions, or both, naked. 



i.' Inner edge of middle claw pectinated 



Herodiones (fferodii). 

 i' Inner edge of middle claw not pectinated. 

 ;.' Sides of maxilla without tr.ace of lateral 



groove Herodiones iCiconim). 



J.' Sides of maxilla with distinct lateral 



groove Herodiones (Iliide/!). 



e.' Anterior toes distinctly webbed. 



/.' Legs inserted underneath the equilibrium, the body 



being horizontal when in standing po.sition Longipennes. 



/.' Legs inserted far backward, the body being more or 



less erect when in a standing position Pygopodes {Cepphi). 



d.^ Bill with distinctly fringed or toothed tomia. 



f.' Legs extremely lengthened: bill bent abruptly downward 



at the middle Odontoglossae. 



e.' Legs short or but moderately lengthened; bill not bent 



downwards in middle Anseres. 



c' Hind toe connected with the inner one by a web Steganopodes. 



b.' Nostrils tubular Tubinares. 



Rectrices entirely absent Pyjopodes (Podicipedes). 



