10 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



As to dicotyledonous trees, it may be said that while only 3 species 

 (i. e., wild red cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica; cork elm, Ulmiis race- 

 mosa, and paper or canoe bii'ch, Betula papyracea,) are confined to 

 the northern portion of the State, at least 33 species are restricted 

 mainly to the southern half, the following comprising the latter 

 list : Cucumber tree {Magnolia acuminata), umbrella tree {M. um- 

 brella), tulip tree {Liriodendron tulipifera)*, deciduous holly (Ilex 

 decidna), Indian cherry {lihamnus caroliniana) , black locust {Robinia 

 pseudacacia), v/atei locust {Gleditschia monosperma)\ , Chicasaw plum 

 {Prunus cJdcasa), Washington thorn {Craticgus cordata), tree haw- 

 thorn {Cratcegus arhorescens), narrow-leafed crab-apple {Pyrtis augns- 

 llfolia), sweet gum {Liquidambar styracijiua), Hercules' club {Aralia 

 spinosa), tupelo gum {Nyssa uniflora), farkleberry {Vaccinium arhor- 

 ciim), southern buckthorn {Bumelia lycioides), southern iron-wood {B. 

 lanugijiosa), silver bell tree {Ilalesia tetraptera), western catalpa 

 (Catalpa speciosa), "privet" {Forestiera acuminata), winged elm 

 {Ulmus alata), water elm {Planera aquatica), Mississippi hackberry 

 {Celtis mississippiensis), water hickory (Carya aquatica), small shell- 

 bark (C. microcarpa), overcup oak {Quercu^ lyrata), Spanish oak 

 (Q. falcata), willow-oak {Q. phellos), chinquapin {Castanea pumila), 

 black alder {Almis serrulata), yellow pine {Pinus mitis), white cedar 

 {Ghamcecyparis spharoidea), and bald cypress {Taxodium distichum). 



The decidedly "Austroriparian" fades presented by the vegetation 

 of the southern counties (north to Wabash and St. Clair) is further 

 illustrated by the parasitic mistletoe {Phoradcndron Jlavescens), the 

 arborescent grass, forest-reed, or switch-cane {Arundinaria tecta), 

 and the large number of vines, besides the great luxuriance of vege- 

 tation generally. It will be best to treat of each section (so far as 

 the writer possesses the knowledge to do so), under a separate 

 heading, rather than to enter here into further details. 



The Lake Shore District (by E. W. Nelson.!) "The region 

 about the southern end of Lake Michigan, in Illinois, presents an 

 unusually fertile field for the ornithologist. Situated, as it is, mid- 

 way between the wooded region of the East and the treeless plains 

 of the West, with the warm river bottoms of the South, rich in 

 southern species, extending within a comparatively short distance, 

 and the great Lake upon the north, northeastern Illinois forms a 

 kind of "four corners" where the avian-fauuse of four regions inter- 

 grade. To the proximity of Lake Michigan we are indebted for a 



* North to Vermilion Iflde Professor Forbes in epist.) 



t North to Illinois River bottons, near the mouth of that stream OForbes). 



I 111 BuUeUn of the Essex Institute (Salem, Mass.). Vol. VIII, 1876. pp. 90-92. 



