376 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



pait, pait, uttered in "a clear, loud, and rather plaintive tone," 

 heard "sometimes to the distance of half a mde, and resembhng 

 the false high note of a clarionet." 



Genus DRYOBATES Boie. 



Picns (part). LrNN. S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 112; ed. 12, i, 1766. 173, and of most authors. 



Dendrocnpos KocH, Syst. Baier Zool. i, 1816, 72. Type, by elimination. Picus major 

 Linn. {Sec Vieill. Analyse, 1816. p. 45.) 



Dryobates BoiE, Isis. 1826, 977. Type. Picus puiescens Linn. 

 "Gen. Char. Bill equal to the head, or a little longer; the lateral ridges conspicuous, 

 starting about the middle of the base of the bill ; the basal elongated oval nostrils nearest 

 the commissure; the ridges of the culmen and gonys acute, and very nearly straight, or 

 slightly convex towards the tip; the bill but little broader than high at the base, becom- 

 ing compressed considerably before the middle. Feet much as in Campephilus; the 

 outer posterior toe longest; the outer anterior about intermediate between it and the 

 inner anterior; the inner posterior reaching to the base of the claw of the inner anterior. 

 Tarsus about equ.al to the inner anterior toe; shorterthan the two other long toes. Wings 

 rather long, reaching to the middle of the tail, rather rounded; the fourth and fifth quills 

 longest; the quills rather broad and rounded." {Hist. N. Am. B.) 



The species found in eastern North America may be distinguished 

 as follows : 



A. Bai'k longitudinally striped with white. 



1. D. villosna. Outer tail-feathers without black bars. Wing. 4.25 or more. 



2. D. pubesoens. Outer tail-feathers barred with black. Wing less than 4.25. 



B. Back transversely barred with white. 



3. D. borealis. Auriculars entirely white; sides spotted with black. Wing, 4.6(M.75. 



Dryobates villosus (Linn.) 



HAIEY WOODPECKEK, 



Popular synonyms. Eig Sapsuckor: Big Guinea-Woodpecker. 



Pieus villosus Linn. S. N. ed. 12, i. 1866. 175.— WiLS. Am. Orn. i, 1808, 150. pi. 9.— Nutt. 

 Man. 1,1832.575.— AUD. Orn. Biog. v. 1839, 164, pi. 416; Synop. 1839.179; B. Am. iv, 1842. 

 244.pl. 262.— Baikd, B.N. Am. 1858, 84 (var. medius); Cat. N. Am. B. lS59.No. 74.— 

 CouES. Key, 1872, 193; Cheek List, 1874, No. 298; 2d ed. 1882, No. 438; B. N. W. liSii, 

 279 (a. villosus. b. medius).— Tin>c,w. Nom. N. Am.B. 1881, No. 360. 

 Picus villosus var. iiieilius Baikd, B. N. Am. 1858. 84. 



Picus villosus var. villosn.^ B. B. &. E. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874. 503,pl. 49, figs. 3, 4, 5. 

 Picus martincB AuD. Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 81, pi. 417; Bynop, 1839, 178; B. Am. iv, 1812, 240.pl, 



260(=youngl). 

 Picus rubricapillus NuTT. Man. 2d ed. i. 1840, 685 (= marlines). 

 Hab. Eastern United States (except Gulf States) and more southern British Pro- 

 vinces. (Beplaced in Gulf States by D. villosus auduhoni, in northern British America 

 by I), villosus leucomelas, and in western North America by B. villosus harrisi.) 



Bp. Chab. Above blaek, with a white band down the middle of the back. AUthemid- 

 dle and larger wing-ooverts and all the quills with conspicuous spots of white. Two white 



