ee ee, eee 
Ose 1 
Va ace we, OW S a 
Mera dN eS So Ge Se ae O Be ce ks ATE 2 EP ea 
u 
to bleeding as the speediest means of subduing the fever 
and lowering the a ians 
known also ave the 
— and eas the pulse. 
l 
of sound which ren Aea injury. 
we could distinctly trace the increase of this, 
of air 
nation we found the 
lood an 
excessive demand on the carbon, yet at the same time 
the animal, is devoid of te rp. ; the n 
= ” is a componen the 
syste The fats will Í first be Taid hold of, aes ae 
probably a not cippo singly and separately, tl the car- 
bo c ts of the fibri these 
materials oh in gp ee less ensily available, ws 
seems necessarily to imply gre 
ns of respiration. 
orga 
ese con nsiderations have resort to a 
wk car- 
peis Hydrogen. 
sa Par ow 44.45 ee 6.17 . 
40.00 ... 6.66 
zi > composition of oils differs very considerably from 
er hydrogen * ro less of oxygen. They contain on an 
average o 
A 
Oil or pea se 78,13 + 10,13 
The are ultimate analyses by Dr, Dugald 
nii, an in nD Thompson’s ead (p. 24) :— 
Hydrogen. Oxygen. 
11.74 
Carbon. Hydrogen. Oxygen. Nitrogen, 
em oe BOADA 1892 .., a s 5.246 
liv ww» 69.38 ... 1847 . ws 0.0) 
digoni mate analysis by M. Braconnot of one of 
the richest nae oils in olein gives 
è Of olein. Posie 
They are observed to be much longer in oe 
comminution, and in their passage through the 
Amongst the materials of food -r contain in coe sam 
space in the proportion o ts n 
= the support of vitality, according to Lehmann, whose 
ork I have ara a to pa tain, the first a 
nd 
Ain olum n English. I = 
an vol, iii., oes 358, the following angel ion, “If in 
given time the organism absorb 100 grammes of oxygen, 
| iti be necessary, in union 
0 grammes of oxygen, to satisfy the. 
of vitality:—Of fat, 34.23 grammes ; 
grammes ; a 93.75 — From 
be seen that of fat or oil in combination with 
the oxygen fenilied by the ee is-equal to nearly 3 lbs. 
of sanhae or sugar. 
vol, tae SOENS; giria aris of in- 
teresting experiments by Vierordt, who found the mean 
or ny average. respirations whilst aie a state of rest 
the organs of respi iration 
bility far beyond the sania requirements, the 
ing increased eight-fold, that of carbonic acid 
nearly six-fold. Had Vierordt been able to continue 
must n ecessarily have consumed more food for 
maas of 2 cag acid or Wireise Wh have expended 
or 
his ae substanc 
At pa ge e381 vy se Toh 4 
fully Lis eth by Hanover on patients aftertng from 
pulmonary disease, berea show that tbe absolute amount 
-of carbonic acid increases with the number of resp pira- 
artar emetic and digitalis | s 
to hav a 
whilst on the a we could Apr: > hear the air passing fats 
and fro. 
. | of this o 
ess 
¢|of some physiological inte: 
In the course of conver- 
he has had great experience, 
n which 
ntion to several cases, i 
y 
plie 
esi that. this s might possibly be attributed hai - food 
= support of — I cg. ned “that n my 
ry cows I have 
ut sounpenatively | 
milk not only in curd but 
ie seg fon extent than is contained 
n the s: p a yee i 1 food. 
Lehmann (Leipsic), second i eg > Page 271, states, 
“On heuees sapun nds I have long be satisfied that | 
belon api geet ata hae phage: 
meta- | sec 
d myse self of this (that what ce pa 
ter es 9 subjective, had by experiment ; ia matter of 
jae certaint 
ese expe eriments he ex xplains, and cites others by 
Rie oot which show tg the digestion is ys 
assisted by an admixture of fat. I learnt 
btn that cod liver oil i is composed coy wholly 
carbon and hydrogen, K a a smaller per-centage 
oxygen than other fats. Id 
o I find 
margarin 
Royle’ s“ Aig sing Medica ” = isa ps oximate analysis 
y Dr. de i ‘aati which giv 
f ings aci 
Margaric acid 
Glycerine ... Soe sad 
Butyric and acetic acid ... 
r substances ... ae 
This analysis shows a far greater of 
oleine comp: with margarine than any other fat I 
mormo ee of anion materials (of ef ok pon ant | 
e ki ig an ah. iltes ents and observation m- 
t p p% 
ı much; I 
reatest nicety of attention to the sic 
al. clearly of opinion that one of the ae 
which = might, by a greater observance of this, have 
been restore 
In the course of the foregoing observations I have 
made frequent allusion to Lehmann’s “ EEMS ag 
Chemistry.” About ee since I obta 
work on loa te E a 
e Pharmaceutical — 
tions as sg ag em 
information I w 
the 
re 
e uee the 
e kd 
of print. I cannot but hope 
"e t ere long that another edition of a maa every page 
f which is replete with information of peculiar interest, 
will be published. Zhomas Horsfall, Burley Hall, Dec. 18. 
Home Correspondense 
On Breaking up yet —Let us consider rA expenses 
attendant en a farm of 100 acr res wholly under the 
f | ploug ell aware that oilcake or meal migh 
cattle momona only hay 
ce of cake o n quite as 
will pedra poed the artificial food under 
mh I ppo to vea this system efin interest at 
ae cent, ess of capital employed under 
it as compared with the pasture piran, I will allow 
for the original cost of— 
alone require the 
£. 
we fives % 
ess sat 302. 0 
of Wheat i ps per acre, at 6s. 1 5 
Do. for 25 acres of perey, 4 do. at de 6d. i 10 
Do. for 25 acres of roots seed ooo 
Do. fo r25 acres of Clover o or Rye-grass seed : 15 > 
Implem 
4 votes “on harne 
have seen noti 
rain re 
ich vay "Similar i in their ethene of aliases 
qaren whilst the predominating proximate principle 
of the grain is starch (73 per cent. ) that of aar 
weedy tte fibre, of which it contains 6 cent, with on 
36 of starch. That oleine is more 4 ete 
(more ee = mea tema I n nre o Lehmann, 
volume i., page 121, where he states that the fat of 
plants sa nii 
My attention was neat e some experiment of |* 
Dr. Leuved, eer e Medical Times, fro m 
which it appeared that the oleino of cod lie oil agreed 
apone with seve fh ts than oil in med 
tural state, from which he fae an par sive that th 
was excrementitious ; this can only 
apply to marnes whose organs are wea M 
on feeding tend to the conclusion ‘that if 
mals an adequate supply of sugar, starch 
and olein ve for their ra peep iie = rae tions, | 
e e of the food will be con and 
mensas ~ ‘in animal ra t to the wate which the system 
of a I am, however, clearl 
Sa ar re ona ates of fo food = ted of the 
ns from disease or other causes t supply the geo 
of respiration, the stores of — or ‘margarine 
laid hold of an e spring of 1853 31 
some fatted cattle to Mr. Paadi. ne ey, with 
whom I had ig gp dealt ; he reported that they 
did not contain antity of loose fat which he had 
led to expect nom their touch and his = 
rience of my feeding. Having 
had recently suffered reness 
which with ign cee Reg of rate they w 
a “9 = the quantity, Mr. 
‘that he well kne 
sere experience | 
hay rhe which had recent 
e 
w from e 
ly Siha from this (known 
and foot sore in »s were 
deficient in loose fat. I may also here state, as tter 
fa 
t cod liver oil contains in the 
It will be o 
same sp eee threo sth of elements which, 
in bination with = oxygen of the air, are necessa 
me 
$ rand with this by far the 
son with other 
repute, is pure 
From what an been premised it will be found that 
d 
Capital invested in keep of horses and manual 
labour... ste pre ss éva the s. S07 
are invariably yeni d 
315 10 
n 
o o Dadia ah 
tpt tiat s E N $ + 
Y 
+} A 
ty abeys the peta be gory sa I vill rt as to describe 
the annual onpm I do not fas ng to 
cularise ree Sra ia isite for 
is is ceumeaue absurd 
w many p ings or 
particu a ‘of pa wis 
the cultivation of this farm ; 
to la; 
reas other hin 
terations in in the arrangements of the f. I will 
ah that ea labour of four fou horses is set for the 
entire cultivation of 100 
gee d fa. eepe there at 9s. ge week nese = j 
snd teeta nares ol maa ‘1, bushel per acre at 6s. 11 5 0. 
err for 25 acres of Barley, 4 bush. per acre, at 3s. 6d. 1710 0 
` for 25 acres of roots... So EE T see E ‘ 
Do. for 25 acres of Clover = ry ant vee ae oO 
Expenses of hoeing Wheat at 4s. pe ons: © MiB 
| cartat ae under carter =a 12s. hg oe per week ... 46 16 0 
re ng, arra and thatching Wheat ; 
Top, a nat Ta pe 15 0 0 
Para sira of aiaga king Barley, : at 12s. p. acre 15 0 0 
Expenses of preparing, filling, and Sree: manure 
20 cubic yards per acre, at 10s. 12 10 0 
gr poem of mauual hoeing root crop, at 6s. per acre, as 
7 
Ex a sal pulling, fil ling, &e., roots, at 10s. per acre 1210 0 
1 man and 1 boy to attend to cattle, who are also to 
cut and reen- ota 2s; A 14s. per week . 8 8 0 
Interest on employed over and above 
the pasture syst a = oP per cent. per annum 2613 6 
Cake 7400 
Annual labour r required in in ‘threshing and winnowing 
by idis 750 bsh. of Wheat, at 2d. per bs 650 
| Annual labour req uired in th san bas and winsoving 
by vg e 125. qrs.of Barley, at 1s, per preria 650 
Sundry expenses, as hauling to market, &c. 500 
|G turn of the produce :— pote 
ross return of the af 
750 bushels of Wheat, at 6s. <. 0 Y 
125 quarters of Barle ey, | pee per Pa ae 29 
Profit on 37 oxen or cows, at 13l. each i Booo 
881 0 0 
Deductexpenses a ye oe nee 409 19 GF 
: , 471 0 6 
Profit = ~4 oxen or cows at 18/. each . . £9 0 9 
Whole expenses (being only manual labour)... - 614 0 
10 @ 
In making this ealculation on the probable return 
under these two modes of managing 100 acres of land, 
si not brought into aria rent, re a taxes; 
suppose that the two farms are of equal value — 
ie eey payments on ans are equal, I have ea . 
—_— the additional expenses h have been paid « on the 
that 
cultiva 
tions, whilst the rel from ecnsideration of the ymptoms of plevro-pneu- | and ne the payment of rent, tithes, an and taxes, the 
in a given value of air) diminishes, ving experiments monia I was led to sA ae an saai umption | of 4717. 0s. 6d. ; while under the pasture system, footie 
— to confirm in ar remarkable manner my suspic ions of the nts which support respira I have | same payment only remains 365l. 10s. In this 
S to a greater consumption of abon during this | sou ught to meet this ad a supply of tad pE dai and the former letter I have proved that ing old 
dinate: they Iso that the organs of res on, | rich in such elements. ts, and in a form most available for | pasture is with t advantageous 3 
though weakened, inhale a greater quantity of air, and | their pu ea the effects tend to | the farmer, the Jandlord, and the publie. Itis beneficial 
exhale also a quantity, though lessin propor- | confirm my opinion that by this means I supply in food | to th cause it mand for 
tion, of carbonic acid. F the diminished proportion | what would otherwise be abstracted from the system | labour nearly threefold; to the farmer, because he has 
of the carbonic acid to the volume of air in the ine ith greater la to n with impoverish larger sum after all additional ex ve 
‘rations, it is clear that the system could not afford | ment, thereby wea as the a bility to resist disease. aid, to remunerate him for his labour and his 
an adequate su ply f . j therefore enco ged to offer it for the considera- capital empl nyed i gives scope for skill and 
e nen in London I sought an interview wi . | tion = Sn who see. their attention to pathological | industry. To the landlord it is beneficial, because, as I 
heophilus Th , F.R.S., with the objec tof learn- | chem have already shown, 117/. more is gained tl the 
e fi consequen 
ing his views on the efficacy of oil as th, a of which 
If aa owners of cattle should adopt my treatment, 
pasture farm, tly he can obtain more 
