Janvary 10, 1857.] 
= en ahi Tf 
— of a acta ge kyi a system which, 
although good, may be said t wig be page almost 
, I venture to claim fro m you extended 
in your truly JSaable journal of 
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arity o0 
interest in the question as a matter of science connected 
with my profession. Robert Hazard, London, Jan. 1. 
VEGETABLE PATHOLOGY.—No, CXLVIII. 
“608. Parası A Ai AA np, eat a, Xeno- 
dochus us).*— As P n the 
accession of a disse saas az divi AEN the spore into two 
parts, which though never losing their adherence are 
nevertheless — a them capable of germination an 
of producing spores of the se cond degrees pe yaa 
severally differ from job ns n the a of fi 
dissepimeats. In 7 riphragmivn this Seay’ el plage 
ae the parien division of the upper cell, but in a mao 
~ deglubens, ge to me by Mr. Curtis on 
second dissepiment is pua 
m this Phragmidium en 
n the greater puista of dissepiments, and Xen 
dochus in the multiplication to such an extent that the 
threads becom rved a 
formerly referred to Uredo, aud in Triphragmium and 
ium, spores of the second order formed 
upon the germinating threads, which differ only from 
those of Puccinia in being globose instead of broadly 
eymbiform. he germination of Xenodochus has no 
yet been observed. In Triphragmium each cell has only 
a single oo for the emission of eliu 
gmidium there are Ras three, and these lateral, 
even in mg terminal joint. 
609. Tri REY wail for a long time supposed to 
be confined to Spiræa Ulmaria, A beautiful form has 
lately been found by Tulasne on Spiræa gg pees la, a 
second species occurs on Pep opyrum Thaliotroides, a third 
was p. by Leveillé o eum athamanticum, aud I 
now figure two sdditional species, 7, nia, and 
diately w the point of the shoot. From the dis- 
lilies ‘the latter A which grows apparently on similar situations in which the Figs appeared, one at 
some pen arkable for the forked pro- the very near the crown of the old stem, and 
cesses with which iti is sparingly eie ee, and the rather | another at the very yo of the iala kes is plain that one 
ae i era on Meum like this of sh alone was made d entire season 
ose processes, ‘tat a. ‘ea? former of them 1855, for had there been in lit m Fh bead sets of 
pork oy prea ents. shoots successively formed, one in prolongation of the 
610. arte tae has at present occurred only on sp from the mode of tap. of the 
Rosacee, The Raspberry, Bra ramble, lesser Burnet, an Fig tree, an been Figs erent at the same time on 
rrean Potentilla produce w ell known species, but shoots of a different ; could any Fig have been 
far the most interesting is P. ipectobada, which occurs uced this year in bate a situation as the lowest 
on Roses in America, and which were it once to assail joint of the shoot, to the 
our Rose gardens would be a most in pest, as it or four years i part of the same 
attacks the twigs and forms such large and dense tufts | shoot as the top or last formed portion of it. 
that it would soon exhaust al . The other The infi imate, , in altering or 
Species, though sometimes abundant, especially that ifying the habits of the Fig tree would seem to be 
upon the Bramble, cely k said to be formidable merely a ex ion se drome 
pa The sp as far as is known, do not germi- law in its economy, in whi 
nate till the spring of the following year, bia the | distinguished from all other fruit trees. Mr, aight, aa 
tender leaves of their matrix are ready to receive the quoted bg! on from the Horticultural 
infant mycelium, a fact equi sae | to that whisk’ Fri ries made an experiment of forcing the Fig in pots in a 
has observed in the Rhytisma of the Maple. stove out an entire year, winter as well as 
611. Finisia has hitherto been found only on pm summer, and as the result obtained from the same tree 
the greater Burnet, and is especially interesting, because four aere yr of ri Figs from July to 
it seems stage at which a Puccinia can | When ‘the water in the boiler becomes hot the i , and four more from J July, 
arrive without the addition of the Haios element oroia in the i iron ipe goes on, if, as in my | 1820, gers Boon tah crops within 12 months, This ives 
1 makes 80 co t g power is nl just sufficient to | an average of a month anda half as the term in w 
to the outward eye from all allied parasites, and mpliah t this no steam is genera vated. bi ould it be | the Fig tree an entire round or course of its 
second] it connects th o pores it will then pass through the small pipe and | functions. It was no doubt by enlisting the conditions 
ne with such false parasites as escape through the cistern. Now with to the | necessary that such 
612. With this e Uredinoid | mode of heating—below the boiler I hav oti results were obtained ; must be some 
parasites will close, which though once despised and cylinder made of copper eapable of holding a > sufficient peculiarity in the nature and epee of the 
advisedly dered worthy of neglect as incapable of quantity of pumice stone on a fine wi ze | Fig tree to admit of results a which no kind 
definition, and mer of the cellular | partition, which will allow the gas from below to pass | ment could have extracted any other frat tree. In 
por td plants, are ed by the researches ~Aalonape freely through but will intercept the flame, | the South of Europe, where the Fig is naturalised, it 
others proved most interesting of | The gas is laid on in weed ordinary way, and a small crops di 
fungi, and as sleiily productions perfietiy à istinct | ring-b placed below with a sufficient | spread over a period of 
© Triphragatiem, from i number of openings e in it to diffuse the three months and a half as the 
Phra ries ir cram seesetnblarees nd | equally. When used it is turned on and lighted from or rot 
x C Eha ES, AKA denpi T roiya, le | the top. In a few minutes the pipe that carries off 
and in a short time 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
2] 
the matrix, and subject 
ave as the highest Agaric or Batar. pe? kno bite 
too, that the germination of the me: many species, 
re pam | of niy in ce ai ss remain paix itiska to 
the matrix, doe r till some months after their 
a eduction, is dobselais a J thea” great light on the 
t on the especial plants which 
t to Payee own mere 
mystery, and the eirinn of a e for this 
— object having n proposed ri the French 
demy, a ey us to hope that the same tact and perse- 
as unra any nytt gical 
ts will be rewarded with the development of this 
OY. J. B. 
A HEATING. 
SEVERAL plan e been 
for ign erim of wirk ng ! 
of these m 
e to time righ 
sopa us for heating water by m of gas, which 
wer 3 exceedingly well and is very cosy managed, 
the Syene power and the quantity of water to be heated, 
B 
p 
5 
D 
nr that the plan might be useful to some of your 
I forward a description of it i 
er boiler convex at the top and concave 
ottom, with a pipe 
rust will not pec remain a | co 
t- | for an hour or t 
_|toa se tes point, and then kiiiviiasiiý discontinued, 
necessary. James 
ial , the boiler and the circulation of the warm water goes 
there 
will be eas 
If one or two things are attended to 
trouble in the ge ego and it 
the tempera’ ouse 
re is en. little 
pe Sandan mes 
ecessa 
e cylinder and dust the web, so 
remov: 
the er retk ia of the gas, or ea same thi ing will 
ha It will not be necessa fill the were’ 
i than 
in any open sel. These 
matters cre | war aed to it a A y on burning for a 
sere together if necessary, 
casion in the sivebent frost is: pi up to 
in tion at any erah by 
0, the temperatu. 
and so William Ilott, 
Brinhléig K. ent. 
THE FIG TREE. 
bottom, with ipe B passing through it for t 
purpose of conveying away the foul and heated air| Tue Fig is described as differing mea other fruit 
resulting from the combustion of the gas. iler | trees in the remarkable property of ring and in 
should be placed as near the bottom of the warmer climates ri in same year or season 
avi singe aie or pipe may be carried up the wall to | two successive crops of fruit, each being produced on a 
near the top. It is best made of pole sa x shoots, and depen ore on two separate 
odjek pa kaigh more expensive at first it will last e flowings of the sap : the first flow, com- 
giv v 
longer than an iron one, and will gi t heat more 
rapid] o the boiler a pipe return is 
affix Ap D3 hen fos be rou aaa the house, and 
is of iron, one inch dia flow pipe ata little | 
distance fromthe boiler a at E: a small stop-cock i is inserted ; 
filling of 
the boiler and ; pipes in ı the first instance, and enable any 
that may subsequently get into the pipes to be removed. 
A small zinc cis is the 
rero in elie: is employed in the produetion of 
Figs on the aes mmer shoots of the p ae year, 
a in forming new shoots for the autumn crop ; the 
econd commencing 4 July, ond “ego. the ftare paes 
of Figs on the ts just named, ing new 
shoots for p of "the «meg . 
perty, however, ap modified by climate ; 
and whoever has observed the growth of Fig 
in the ir, ima cold climate like orm of 
must, I think. lude that i ordinary 
habit of fruit trees, in having erly one flow of 
sap, producing one set of shoots during the entire 
and 
season ; and bet e uent 
to the highest point, a t n in fixing 
with regard to the relative position of the pipes, or else 
the water in th herem uld be heated and the 
waterʻin the pipes round the house would remain co 
d d 
but by a very ee le pipere this may be obviated ; 
is tt such ore.) as a 
second show of Figs in autumn, ve of this 
I may encore that near the end Py las ero I pro- 
se ane pel grounds of one of the Edinburgh 
w Pig t0e which had been killed down to 
within 3 8 inches of the peated by the severe frost that 
early in 1855, and consequently had only the 
sting of two shoots 
or stole, w as about 3-inch in diameter, and a few 
ac from the roots. The latter being removed, it 
as planted in the open ground against a south (aspect) 
wall, one of the reserved shoots having by accident in 
the part broken off. About the middle of 
Ma sap began to move, and its fi was 
the putting forth of three young Figs—one at first 
or lo t of the ken t, another at the 
fourth joint just below fracture, and the 
he 
enews: Bos! 
