January 24, 1857, | 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
55 
rnes $ sgh make less EENG trees than those taken a 
older o ken s the e apply to a trees ? 
rt hiv wi i ; the 
letters ia have nee a ia 
ise or gM 
corres ondents 
ky nteres 
r Lan 
of Dec. 27 does not give one tié dimen 
to 
he refers to. 
high, 
more definite, this tells 
t a surface 
temp get a 
out of a 
s tubular 
in ing t 
Hood’s one on ing, &c., he says a diet 
s #1 foot i in ‘Tength of ‘inch pipe iaso hotter 
ng 
ask whether in G aha 
drain ome been built up to his back wall like a ni obana 
om 
W. ( 
ious S tate 
n eraikia on vot iar Teg poate he had yokn 
to 
ertain 
ion that can 
arge 
a comparatively moet eating 
ma e radical cause of Hazard’s stove 
en 
boilers for r locomotives, and it is ookin that the pay 
re rea bet 
o Mr. 
tinctiy— 
than the air 
regarding it aet; 
Boris 
merge zofia a; we 3), 
wa od that i in a recen 
reconsider these different views, in order 
the true relationship of the Irish 
ons were these :— Tha 
gem tot pia a with S 
and that the Irish 
fectly distinct spec 
known, to 
o ase 
plant, a his Sinil- 
t the identification of the Irish S. 
. cernug is to be re prae asa mistake, 
plant must M. ye ea as a per 
at prese 
= 
n 
closer with S. 
thot distinet ots: w: form 
r by its 
spike, its 
D 
unica- 
tre ve amost extensive geogra egs l range, 
reverse wi 
poe peraj Di the range of some of which t 
wide as that of p 
o wander i "fe 
India, had no fi in Western 
minium soppy in-no ba rit distinguishable re 
its English state, had be n N. W. India 
and rong A ies in Sylhet, ‘while H. un Ala ran 
from tant Aleutian Islands proved ee 
with H. c ongestum, taa rid Alps of Sikkim. Gym 
dent Prya, s: ta, a plan É ay ea Europe and 
Siberia, see emed to be one gathered 
r. Hooker at an rey of 14,000 feet in 
Sikkim. Goodyera repens was 
ile G. procera 
, 
and one o 
the esca a portion of the warmed fro 
an Ay hte have been troubled in "the way he 
cold-air “aun drawing off his hot air— 
prinese Sa or direction of the wind, A 
quiry as ce atiok 
ery pened in 
summer it fills with warm air, to which the se sur- 
face of the ice is e In the stack the sawdust 
z close on the ice as it melts, exposes no more of 
than the few square feet 
get it renewed. W. Dy 200h Jam, 
[ata eee a e 
Societies. 
LINNEAN, Jan. ines 
chair. 
Beil, President, i in the 
m the ‘house, Z 
1g 
T thought 3 it 
h 
sa rywhere. 
rW. ladin t nara, ee Neilgherries, 
to China, New Holand nd New 
ens would bly as Batas ran led 
to pAn ar- the latter variable pimes not ore than 
r own S. zestivalis.  Epipactis veratrifolia a remarkabl le 
> 
oe | 3 
a 
the 
as a sensi macrostachya herbacea, and Dal hous 
any states of = e European E. latifolia, k 
fou r N irr 
only s 
Cephalanthera acumin orthe 
dia fro 
FE 
m M 
uropean 
he of 
portance, seeing that the ordinary ane of 
ispereion b by bi birds, by winds, by waves, by man, would 
m to be here inoperative, or at least Jnsufficient to 
explain such very remarkable ranges’? The remainder 
the paper 
upwarda of 70 species 
with won criti 
group Physuri 
distinctly aoe 
exhibition of Fu 
of Indian Orchids ; and con- 
cal remarks on the genera ri the 
æ, together with an anedyiie cal ta 
differences. 
specimens of fu umbering a 
in the meii p of Live 
principal epe ma gen 
had been dried wi dit psd and retained i 
cases their sieg form and ‘ale; were glued on 
t 250 ok found 
oe ope ‘and ili the 
‘The pián, which 
5) the author’s, that it was pro- 
Babington’s, that it 
ct 
aliar 
a small a ra Ireland. it farther stated 
e v yoon that S s 
minal than with hr cernua, 
nse three- 
earal 
turns out 
z= ee pe + it 
3 of 
| perhaps assi understandi 
| Portugal have suffered from the hg s Asr 
. more than 
was chiefly occupied by an enumeration of h 
: ae being eee $ 
in many | excellen 
“ Woody fibres consist of einer cells thickened so a” 
to give great firmness, T ood of trees is made up 
s fibres or tubes of Paes kind, and they are kri found 
e veins of lea The y fibres may be 
separated Liat Py cellular parts of piani i — 
tion in wa re Flax and Hemp a 
produced. me formed 
Cotton, on the get Rs S 
or hairs. A: oody fibre ai reduced to small frag- 
ents con tes the pulp whence paper is made,” 
But since the greater a of paper is made from cotton 
it must author’s own’ showing, y ee s 
” and not of “ woody fibre 
indee ifferen 
. Then he says a y "the Paljon Bods anion) 
of cells forms tubes, which agai form vessels,” 
a © safe ent that is true, as ri the first part, only to a 
ery limited extent, and wholly inaccurate as to the 
oa art, 
A work on Madeira, giving an account of its climate, 
natural 
residence wnt. suc 
as a ou t he letria over 
the of Madeir at, its we ope and Scenery (8v0, Edin- 
nth ‘Black, pp. 338), M -a te Johnson has produced 
led a 2d aas of that pub- 
in iasi, but altered and increased 
almos 
er importan 
ge we ae not here concern 
on Agricu and Gardening, Vines and their paises. 
are 
im, Climate; prerade Botany, and Geology, 
deira is a brain 
f w. d produc 
ves of mes globe, if statin advan- 
ges were secon 
ater, 
the re 
by th 
not pie great ae orance 
is 
par dry meer 
fted 
runed or gra 
n the — ee aean to the pe 
requirements of the us plants. It is not to be won 
dered at, pies if the “fruits are aah of the best quality, 
and if the v vegetables much i FM rara se pro 
duced o: meet horticulturists in Englan 
This total absence of i intelligence and enterprize may 
re gw = and 
other regener a Upon that i important point 
| are told t “the wine of Madei has 
pogai a anreden Set Se will penin be no 
than a thing istory. In the spring of 1852, e dióuiio 
| su y showed _— whieh in rimin ot ea) de- . 
stroyed Gra the pects of the: 
sked a “With each i 
since ses time, the same has 
Vine 
been roots du 
this ti 
-ta 
pearing 
culated that in two 
ears, stan a pipe of wine will be left in 
of great misi 
l in this 
that the wines of 
y years past been onde = Y 
ing in i favour of EE aaa 
» Sabine. R.A.; C. W. Dilke, oblong tablets the only series ex- he wars with Napoleon, the merchant 
W. H ey, M.D. ; A. pres hibited to the public in England or elsewhere, so far as chipped w haass sof inferior quality. This proceeding in 
+ R.N.; and G. H. Polybank, Esq., were to the author—whose object was to attract more | the en e character of the whole produce 
The following papers were read :— | general attention to these interesting but much neglected | #24 aarp an unfound judi nst first 
Mechanism of the Stomach of the | plants, wine. ilar ca , according to Mr. 
ey, i “ ia in wan as credit = v3 fer 2 pir ts 
mmipara,” indley. 1 the export of wine has rom 14, pes in 
pi ams es tele Notices of Asoo! - Jooks, 1825 to 2085 in 1855. And it seems likely to 
a Smith eet y- 
ap ie caged Matter: its Form erning Laws, by George chapter is devoted to the botany of the island ; 
name in ie Supplement to English Botany. Dr. Lindley Duplex tees Set aaah is cuhadlegm of the aaa! little Peten to its insects, birds, and other members of the 
his Genera and S of Orchidaceous P intended to. ren people acquainted with the | *2imal kingdom, and a third to geological inqui 
ferred the plant : a, it Hominid | will thus = Bach he visitor to Madeira has in 
ark that i r addrened to Mr. J work a companion ion which he may consult 
on all piety of general interest. 
Garden Memoranda. 
Peri Low's Nussan, farai URSERY, CLapton.—Some important _ 
have been effected waht | 
