Fesrvary 28, 1857.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 139 
the “herring-bone” system , managed example far: It was cpt very well 
ee a 
“MEMORANDA FOR ba AGRICULTURAL shallow drains on what i is led the 
STUDENT 
on Mr. Hutchinson’s idea o an ipee ME plans all more or less shown Sa a leading pa le ‘a these pa that our 
(as I believe) untrustworthy—consult the volumes = disg English ; 
DRAINAGE ape ued. Agricultural Society’s Journal. On Keythorpe drainage, read Mr. | Comm n field rn roy enormous i of 
y al E iari t ided the | Timmer’'s and Mr. Bailey Denton’s pamphlets (Metchim, Par- wn ; and no teen, that a poor unweeded 
Ir is the interest of interest in as aoe P o dean des 7 The liament Street, Westminster), On n shallow drainage for yeas re rare or ens., Diaa gs hould be the forerunner and 
latter have a 14 years’ in Dae eae f the Land lands, read Hewitt Davis's “ Essays” (Ridgeway). Ont e general adit oani ail the foniness.of the ‘soil for sev 
fiii oan use. with the consanti DE ENO I0EMOT Any OLARA MAN practice of land drainage read Girdwood, Stephens, Denton, p p era} 
Draining Companies in England— —the Land I Dakan. ears to come. Should the green crop be too poor in 
pany only - on be AEN EEE r e oa The means at the command of landowners for this and other any case to smother = weeds a sufficient number of 
Bee eect) 20 SF to cipar off principal and interest in the years permanent improve A 10 West of odaat meanders female ESF pe active pry He bate ond ge kept 
named respectively ompany, accepting for their outlay a permanent, rent charge employed the land of its ness; and o 
on the land; 3d. The General Land Drainage Company, who | pickings rm ‘collected res heaps de should b b mn 
z Ez take for 50 years a rent char ge varying according z ie th. The smoked or near! y charred b e:or 
$26 Annual instalment to repay £100 (Denton). ea nese ne Sic nt nc eth eget ES cated d | With hot lime, o ng Min fermented, k pama as to 
wee and who take a rent charge for 25 years for similar expenditure. alee phy n we yeapery i ard in their n pe je oe 
SE at sha e manager of a home 
sFo „e 
Zee 3 per cent. | 4 per cent. | 5 per cent. | 6 per cent. NEATNESS IN FARMING farm in prrsseat hy Ma bonge ite and 
a . 
5 21 a 9 3 r me 3 Fo “4 i [Tu1s paper constitutes No. XIII. of a series of W weeds as would pollute the land under his charge, roa 
1 1114 5 | 126 7 | 1219 0 | 1311 we on Home-Farm Managementiby Mr. J. Lockhart | ever clean it might otherwise ap apem: S oag 
n p z = a . 14 ~ 4 : 48 si es pn a numbers of which appeared in our ing fe: aes ` ss Rag a ras cape ae 7 Bg 
> ast year’s v . 
ne r = md = = k : t 64 i 1 J =, ein os ae in some respects the trivial every- have given proper attention to the subject ; pen apart alto- 
14 5 77 2 2 14 4} | day matters which call for piisid in the m marae of | gether from the seeds, which 
26 5 14 104 6 8 0} 1 À 16 4 a farm, an thi ease be sig Lee sre toa a serio to fly with the wind, scatter ‘themselves s 80 ~ readil yo 
= Ar r ge : kE ł ae 5 -|| Jdss to the farmer. .Just-as sure as national ome a large district of country, the scrapings and ditch 
40 467 5a 4 3 13 is to a large saree ‘the Saaidi of i individual industry, as | Cleanings of these roads nes from time to time. on 
50 317 9 413 1 6 92 | certainis it that a farm which is really well menena; land, necessarily defile it in a degree scarcely to be 
Contrast the annual eost of “ faggot” = ng every 8 or | isso, both in detail, and in the aggregate. A farm imag sined. In all cases, therefore, means should not 
10 years at 27, per acre with the annual a z a aen e exam meS ae: imagines miha his success must PAE only be taken to extirpate every kind of noxious plant 
drainage at 5/. per acre, with money borrow l ino and liberal | whic ay ” seoa within the bounds of a home 
In peiin drainage prepare a anl ie for | the farm or ia: Brea eep p BE a A Seg al eft th 
estate. Seek, in the first place, by ee te g water-courses i st pany arsan woe ite fasoni i to the purging wherever there is a weed le pë, e ground, 
and draining springs, to give exit for all E water that | of his fields .of ‘peo rial ual weeds, may no its seg cael = least loppe soon as the 
orem ge yo pn oar ee — In rondo on ai Moubt encesel. in tiie m ar and remunerative | ae lk appears, Some will be fnelined to: say no doubt 
of the hobest part first, attending. t to the fi final cata frat at. all crops ; but he is “notwithstanding a waster and a loser at there cannot t be any necessity for being PR Pan 
There where the drainage by taking only half measures of this kind. d R pasea ae in regard to the destruction of weeds ; keep- 
May tose extent remove water st once ich r ‘rea the ower creditable as the existence of weeds on a leased rit we ait i weeds penny they mi wil ee 
lacki lopædia of Agriculture hen sprin ter i rtainly is, praz being abundant .on an example farm |Stragg a weeds should Apung- Bp 16 Will MALER » 
Genova iam hay pithy Sen Š Teet) as the otal ea cont, sa lia is "atl ABD High fi farming must be) poeeneting little o whole, But surely in this there is neither 
ue such attention to uniformity of interval as the adhesiveness by a Prete oe of the soil if i to be | Jogic nor gabe am sense. If millions of weeds are 
or porosi kg Se aa eae a mit standing aphewd r a nt f th po and by their scourging effects on the soil are 
| val is the rule, and the so-called“ gridiron " system is the safest;| Let us see fora a little tle what is usually done on a farm, | detrimental to the farmer’s profits, so must thousands 
y fore inie ing pay mseg mien oeiy let all such obstacles ma alte a a -A yiee praia yp S soom usual oe ats ng eee sates ra fi ses 
means by which weeds are destroyed, there is at least |Gegree. Assuredly true economy indica Yee 
‘ tein eo preg Seder bas Eee Sn ea at very AA pro _ to provenien e measures. The | priety of keeping the weed pests of the farm within 
i “Trial holes are useful to determine the interval which may be | foulness of ma is occasion: re by mismanage- proper bounds, and for this purpose the right plan is to. 
desirable between the minor drains. Ascertain the y en oes y ment at the S sn To prevent the loss of a few Start an —— a war of harp aguante agua 
your neighbours on this point. Widen the interval, because t : . ‘eit Once the e sufficiently reduced in numbers 
soil admits of the more easy peoa of the water, not an e grains of corn which may be i ngst the barn-siftings, oya y 
you have made your drains dee the latter are often thrown out to the poultry-yard. | it justifiable. to say that the farm is really p a the 
Ma et Sate 4 feet deep drains sic eae a With the cleanings, therefore, of this yard, countless |C al eping down those that remain will be nearly 
| ë thousands of vital seeds are carried into the dung-court nomina 
| 7 Board gti pg aio icy eal sees 1000 mate tock bor and thence to the fields, which are thus polluted to an Good management requires a bailiff to be very care- 
3 pea 30s. for 3-inch, 44s. for 4- ee ie. for 56-inch. The following extent that can scarcely be conceived. Surely it would | ful in the. cleaning of the hedges of a home farm. 
able is taken from Bailey Denton’s pamphlet be far better = e a few hungry grains:of corn tha: n | Irrespective of the advantages which result 
4 Cost of Drainage pe or aore, 4 fo deep (Denton). to-sow the land in this way with weeds, shish it will destroying weeds by this means, he is also to some 
B rahe e pipes at 1 rans pean Sy z not be possible 1 ri extirpate for many y As a |extentenabled to put the fences into satisfactory order, 
ts) Haulage, 2s, 6d. per'1000, : general rule it may also be stated that on proa aa and both for the sake of profit and ornament farm 
7 ee Pipe laying and finishing, 1d. perrod. are much hous with —— — _— he ave ee hedges should always be kept in a fenci state, With 
| nee atten nas nee gross carelessness in the ing of m Iti e | regard to ditches it may only be said, that in order to 
ba Tron-cudiet pino and masonry. that soils of good saray wilt rapidly rene foul lif prevent the growth of weeds, and increase the extent of 
(8) Collars if used. just let alone ; but it is too often the case that they are | Cultivated land, none = them should be left open, if a 
put into am condition by the sees! A = many drain “0 can n begot a moderate price, large ue 3 
18 feet apart./24 feet apart. 30 feet apart./40 feetapart. | able amount of thoughtless Jabour.on the p a bad | to contain the water running in Gi All 
tad. ban ana wa e The des sire to make a large quantity. ae nunaa mouths and ontfalls on the farm should pda > aa 
313 11 215.0 2 40 113 0 or perhaps of something being done to and carefi carefully eleanedout To keepo : 
25 9 114 3 | aD 10.8 keep his oepa pigs in i life, induces him to throw | gitek s outfals geet, Ae we: to make - 
oi 2 | oon | ooo | 8 2 2 | weedsandeveryavailable sort of vegetablerubbish intothe | ™ ves from 
0 5 0 TERTE 040 pigg q med ap in 
020 020 020 020 if the i ted, the fresh seeds that are pre- | 
016 0 7.6.7. A & 0 1 6 {sent germinate whenever they come come near enough the 
761 bus aii 0 cos ene ee ee a 
w | 121] 017 1 | 08 8 | 010 3 ee. If proper taken both to prevent 
Total l weeds from running to o seed i in ng fields, aa from being 
Apae S- 689| 548 819 6 pet into the dung-yard in a state, there would be 5 
ig - a greater number of as amples of grain in our 
z “aA z 4 p i : = -E 4 0 | markets than are to be found k present. 
8, eoe a 049 033 i, le ae As it is one of the principal branches of good farm 
ie ry 012 2 092 a7 B.D, oS nagement to keep the soil free from weeds, I shall 
ee $ : : ; : ~ 4 : ` a 4 0 | deseribe shortly how this ma the don ne on a home farm 
oe Eat 53 8 Saeki oak | land is foul the first thing in cleaning it is to get 
Gii ; di danii that vem me w surface to germinate. 
3 | S98 4 | 616 7 5116) 45 4 ns this purpose it is e after each ploughing or 
trey 1 08 | wae Tt oat 8 rring of the ae mace to ue rised surface un- 
Total 41 10 5 1 717 0 sB1i[ Be disturbed for a week or ten days of growing weather. 
‘Mains may requi Whe wished this will probably interfere 
smaller near yi inch, pipes at the outfall, eame with the ver t's sowing, and from this and other causes 
pa the w end. A r drai 
and 2-inch pipes ark om: sunctie morn ane main. Its | there are instances in which it is of decided advantage 
miner should fatz into:the main pipe, saat the junction should be | to lay the auma nd e once into bare fallow, in preference | Means costly, and yet in the 
Possible. “When mem maripa mld. slo er ith a fal ai to putting it under a root crop. Land which has fora effects resultin hi age careful attention to “littles’ 
of from 1in 1 to 1 in 2, according Da nátt ial, gii been lying in a foul state cannot well be ™0S timportan exemplars 
g peri 
‘in peat soils ie hogs. thoroughly cleaned by any ordinary preparation for a 
15 ine Taid 1 to 
s of TR = oven ge iesp ( ya, ne ie D gue ao but if ote under fallow and veo A keane x. g 
ients in drainage by which tiles are oe: killed by atmospheric a acti ion, but that scarcely an un- ena 9 a with san 
of Essex, &c., the wedge | germinated seed is left in the soil to a considerable Sie CE REO e 
anapa the hollow drainage of depth, the imme niise oss of a crop will be much more | 
ema e aes aripile d than made up for by the re iaka of subsequent crops. | 
Pa — the “mole,” and ode ber heen Ad ide Jand is very foul or is so en ba that it 
anent. e 
ntig: i high pag but also of nessa 
care in the most minute details of 
does by a steam ed tatan unprofitable ex 
mae í pulverised except a p pense 
generally prirni seeni TO Pca Aa T tiat caked heap ng is commendable, but in these cases 
iof res, or the |, : 
omer of iron in ater. The remedy it is at tim ret -e the most profitable course that 
joints where the | can be adopted Assuming that the soil has been got the 
y nae into a tolerably clean state, the necessary means to 
the drains tends fo diminish keep it x 
(if large enough) is thing else. For this spen the cereal ee s should all p 
_System of drai be drilled and regularly horse-hoed; besides a saving | to be 
y done, ra othing i Sfrongor tnan its "weakest pe it Pe | of seed by the use of the drill and the he keeping down of | tub 
may che weeds by the e hoes, the a surface will of | the: 
jo 'arainago fends tos ime ‘itselfrepay p eor 
depth will permit wider Whether it b te: 
ouelo of — and a weed should “a gE OE ona Sots 
Bin 
i by more 
Kidney Potatoes at the rate of 800 vena 
