in 
THE SOS Ee TEAL GAZETTE. 
[APRIL 18, 1857. 
s uh hf 
am told, under certain licenses super vision 
to time, with. ag pity i Fa meee both g ea and ex- 
ports. It is impossible to be too ee when considering 
this m fies tie more particularly as regards all the ports of the 
Baltic as well as those of the ge hiv including r Č aag It is 
eor be viewed with almost as much 
ming Ban the countries infected. E 
Governments, that the gy sage prescribe the burial of the 
slaughtered animals, quick lime being thrown into the pits. 
I (S igned) “w. R. MANSFIELD. 
“P.S. I observe that I} fth 
symptoms x the di is the | f the f. faculty of rumination,” 
a April 6: BERTON”, i Sewage for Agri- 
cultural pu e Fellows of this 
of the Lord Provost and other authorities of earings 4 when some 
one nra RS s and other such substances were thrown in, 
ng By ok ed his ba ae syi ves result was so successful 
that the kaole of the had mentioned drank a 
oe of the water. (aud. laughter) He then referred to the 
mentioned, viz., the irrigation of the lant 
th 
mi aie e made use of for manure, 
the means of raising the land to an e 
Ayrshire ao other pen - ng oo it “had been applied ju udi- 
ciou isly and with s n Gra s la nds, in some instances 
gh 
Dr. Da AUBENY said, die inference he had drawn was 
that they were still in their infancy on the question. 
“ They had to effect two objects—the first was an economical 
one and the other was the prevention of those deleterious conse- 
quences that might be expected | to arise from large e quantities of 
sewa: 
would indeed ask, was it settled that by the peculiar manage- 
ment of | the soil by itself they could not obtain all those bene- 
P 
T 
® 
urposes.—At a 
pramati & Dr. Lyon Pray, ‘President, in pa chair, Mr. 
ampbell read ing paper on the Appli- 
cation of Sewage for the sno oses of Ma ihon > 
The excrements, liquid and solid, of the omar had long 
been of ores but without ples attempt being made flat them 
into a rtable form until 1802, when it was sed to 
— viet "human excrement into a po owder div ested Ka ail sme ell, 
allowing the li 
ol 
either pie ng unmixed with lime, and stow 
sheds, where it reached 212° Fahrenheit, and afterwards it was 
Ha Bans oe in obtaining oils and other daoti from Witamne- 
tters. The carbonaceous residue after pnan minerals 
jorgo: ng Oliden & to obtain the oil, is ground into wder, and 
if it contains iron pyrites, which would be the case = Hay schist, 
it is trea biy with acid first; it has a ho aed for ammoniacal 
matter and the gases from put rid m men ‘one booth 
animal or putrid matter forms a powerf anure without 
Mr. Campbell ia refe piesi to” deodorising processes 
p r. Young and ot and to a plan | 
ad A arke San te nye one factory | m 
i tons of soil daily. Hethen mentioned the patent of 
Iw. rs, which p 
s Nap 
proposed in a pa 1000 nstru at Wi ter closets, with connected 
apparatus, in en 
al matters from the liquids, 
ne er as to keep separate ’and in different | 
FOTHERGILL Cooke made a few observations on Mr. 
Bezalgete's plan for Serpa ma pong a remarked that 
Mr. Wicksteed’s plan bad been tri = he thou ught the whole 
process might be apr on under 
Mr. Haywarp (engineer) wend that. k age at present was of 
no valne, and before they did anything to render it applicable 
for manure they should have 'the best evidence of the most 
eminent of the chemical body to guide them ot think 
er 
successful it was not in an economical point of view. AIl the 
engineers had to do was to ice how to get rid of an entirely 
useless and valueless article at the least possible expense, or in 
other words, whether it would te prem to prepare it as manure 
or to on Ms to a place where Š could be discharged and got rid 
rance a were beating the natural 
ones oak of the field tt i 
in the Seine. 
ake sewage app Heals. p pot rondo Parei they must 
restrict the use of water or give up auy idea of getting any value 
of the manure. 
°" Prorzssor WAY said that the am must be approached 
erent the sewage which was aries a erage Be ‘proposed t Da 
bialn into a subject of profit. After sideration and 
bine geome = Solid portions of the fcee 
and h aon that 
oroli hom 
a H ‘with night soil. 
var ‘bonised 
The lecturer then 1 ma 
data 
te a yr ams’s pa abet. — by pn pont the 
Jaai from the solid. in wagner’ and Ro suggested that the 
iene uld be so contri 
f any. gaseous vapours praken 
excretions w f importance ce in connection with this subject. 
ter going po some statistical calculations, he sg that a place 
sith 10,000 inhabitants wou bout 208 tons 
a Fe Aaa solids at a cost of 31. ag = ipao oe it wis undergone 
. With re pas i Te- 
prodn 
Mr. Tar rling | had stated i in his cap that the | 
experiments it was deemed advisable Ty s mei as the best 
agent. The lime was added, as it syaza should be, the ver 
moment that putrefaction set jin. The 
be very much diluted with wa Of én analysis of 100 parts of 
the lime deposit at Clifton it oy found to contai er cent. 
phosph , not -10ths per cent. of —?) 
20 per cent, organic matter, and 75 per cent. lime. The value o 
this manure was from 26s. to 28s. per ton. 
Mr. Hices was at the present time carrying on works under 
the lime process at Tottenham and elsewhere. They scarcely 
knew monia was at the works, but still a 
found they had ammonia afterwards if 4 opti the m 
run into gic Meson anaes hey had none. "The 
matter was dried with ki — init ond so it passed into the 
hands of the agricultu 
H 
f manure from exc 
ot li val mat rope nage which as in, every case a T igh Farmers: GUN 
la Gisant of re moving the y Š aise foie SpA game gibi Lonn hegre ay oa thee 9 f Co 
its parla Eag he chief piat in the valu town | Mr. W. “Benne nett s grow ehea the last 10 or 15 years a 
wage as a ma eremental matters, of | great revolution taken place as to the manner of 
which, ona pipe der bage peor ie ola roduce 53,393 tons of d i i 
solid annually, which’ would ha. of the value of 151, per iagi sea = x . a ch ey — ah 
Jeast. Ski ba r other animal substances were not taken in | “290, Wie mainly the use of the 
this Nudin the w. ply as an important | po ortable steam threshing ma ging! a all other great 
feature in case, he must remark that the difference in the it has brought with i d and its evil 
supply would cause a difference in the concentration of the sewage. | | results, That te 
The ) supply varied from 12 to 50 gallons daily toeach igidin. L 0 times ont of 20 the 
ce e plied. “ary avon the differ ce being | most economical that can be employed in ing | u 
Gumani esst j.a ge being ter-cl cape es pene he there can be no doubt, but to its judicious application in 
14 gallons daily to each individual: in Brighton, 205 ye irpo ý br sed d, m b cane hy x 9 ae 
22; M Mane anches ter, 25; and and „Glasgo w, 50 : me towns in | threshed, inc E povery ee 8d., and even 6d. 
ea oa Jes ied dail one-half of the = e 
There eB 81,000,000 ra soem sa daily from companies i a rm ser char arged were left o pcre 
London, besides 30,000,000 allons per day pi deep wells for the I admit e ly if th et a 
parponea of brew © he. "he rainfall averaged about 25 gallon admit most freely if t e simple a a Be of beating 
daily ot fog ste ch in all would yates a total supply of water | out the co t the stack i e field, i pective of 
000, very ton of dry excrement, which he h is 
valued at 15i., wonld have to be diluted with 4682 tons of water. be cate ae th oo e in Pi À f, — a sty Sarg 
Tha one of the great difficulties that presented itself to the ¿ . uaGon, 16 miy pad ae 000 
peer ate ae ie g ugrania purposes, Amongst other | rateengine at a very lo - But let me suppose I had 
Snes HA ich assis £ be it m S sewage there was | to meet one ou watching the interest the 
is to London the 
s would materially a e= h 
ation, as would also soda, fat, and othe poe He ssist in the accumu- 
of agricultural talne these in ngredi 
rere 
y s the proces 
se almost Di wae “itself, as ihe o 
poe it could be se = a a a profit Sul, ho however he was 
favour of the He 
methods, w is 
mat ‘and left the vier pe ren 
X 
Eagas u ae 
consu upton. of wan 
made is far the 
anly, convenient, and economical system. In 
first vaieing the corn from the land reference should 
aid to its destination, tha i oved as far as 
racti 
the water of the river Medlock, which received all the sewage of i sat seas: dieet nk to stack . 
ter, and with the use of 1 ton of om per da asi of th ur groups of stacks, within a short distance 
successful. That gentleman also carried out the process e premises where the litter is to be used, is the 
ith — in =~ ane meng eae Canal. The lec- | Most judicious plan think a small n cks 
a en . 
at Croydon, illustrating th om ne romnit o? the operaons i sbunid bileog ught together ia contiguity in different 
the the lime w as used, when it was very thick and | 8°°0PS me of harvest, as near the f. 
e process, when it was perfectly clear and | 3$ Ìt is at all convenient, and then | stack <7 stack taken 
process which was deserving th hi of th 
fir 
expensive, and that alum 
several ex with 
oceasion | into the 
resn- 
ing; 3; when all that is sweet pind: erig of the offal, for 
preserved, the coarser thrown 
the purpose of feed may be 
yard, and the straw either stacked up up or put 
nto the straw-barn for constant use, as 
I presume steam in 99 instances out of 10 
economical ; but, whether this power shall be 
or fixed, mu t de epend somewhat upon the local 
stances of he farm, and whether 
far 
28 the cae mayia 
0 ig the most 
bo portie 
xture, unless the wishes, 
arming business, to become an itine 
s mu 
rant thresher, la 
eithe se farm premi very incom 
ithout a threshing loft in which a shaft rung through į 
to which may be attac chaff cutter, or a 
other ar oe I hol be far less important wi 
you thresh corn you do it well, than the 
“ae ere the | ttt is perf i ust 
poultr, ry a 
m the obtrusion of bad weat 
aker hat all lent corn, such as Oats and Barley 
as far better threstied by. the 1 flail. ‘The difference + in the 1e feeding 
value of the stra in Esser, 
The straw holonal to ine landlord, and the foddering Value ty 
m tenant, whenever corn was threshed by steam one-thirdwas — 
deducted ; and if that op 
of any other consideration, but m 
value saan, he held that that tania oufticiently de 
_ pat feeding value of the straw was de! a ap 
meg oe i. “his Da a Sia engine pent a great waste 
of specie eN and if they page vor mae pes ba 
threshing Wh heat, which was that s of ad 
the most labour, and was thrashed ee "pat touted ue 
power, he believed they woni krpa that it could not be 
so cheaply by steam as some gentlemen had s 
published w works. The premises necessary for a fixed 
d under an outlay of 10007., even on the 
moderate —_ _— ; and if the ams threshing was about 2s, 6d. 
5 quarter for ow e produce of a consider- 
able farm aight = ot es a “om interest of the money 
expended in the erection of buildings alone, 
he 
then 6d. if 9d. per 400, and the work co 
or at — of comparative ond Having won and 
the straw, he next proceeded to thatch it, which it almayi 
Wi 
e 
answered his purpose to perform regard to the 
and chaff, it was st nsume much of tbat 
for his stock. Generally he threw it into the yard and allovel 
8 pra 
knew not pat. it might be of advantage to 
stock which they sold to others to fatten. 
that he himself had derived no ben efit from it; an 
grown | provided it wos adjacent to a hard road, than We 
rebhed out in the rik $ ben 
sion, he was siete of opinion that it would be wron 
recommend m agricultural pods: to throw "aside el 
steam-engine, and by erecting large ind expensive r 
substituto iois inconvenient fixed engines which were ae 
upon some grand establishments, with roms ie we 
acqua intei. (Hear, ‘and a laugh —-Mr. Thomas tt 
As ‘ Vaaia be bo G mind wt 
fot 
cake-maker. He used it to o grind the | ayers’ ce of bis hra 
the ones a Me g ck, to stea 
hay i chaff, an 
a 
Wk 
m 
as possible, ont at such 
purpose to do sọ. But v peti 
ce 
23 
a} 
vonioutty situated for the tenant to vork up his 
rule instead of the exception, the fact be 
one ater me out of a hu ste that was W' 
Upon his 
