290 
THE GARDENERS’ 
ee kA 
: of the tail Wheat, or that tty w is separated in dressing 
from that of the best quality, which is in general the 
only sample which reaches reg ae the tail Wheat 
usehold. In those 
the grain, 
assumed first a i dark Po then a deep o or black 
tin that the ate ears are 
‘When divided, the grs our 
eal; but in its stead a w hie p Pow der, 
er ey microscope, eo consists of an rmous 
ümber o of minute eel-like , a few of wk ha ttain 
far larger size than the rsh ae produce eggs from 
individuals hatched in a few days, 
‘up the apertures of the f clean grain 
eockle are sown together, the young plant 
r a time; but the vibrios soon 
eral the only coat te aed but 
may be inoculated by sowin 
au ees ate 
eat. One of the most curious points 
Wheat vibrio is pgs great tenacity o of life with 
which thes little beers endow. = var coe which 
has been six years o in the herbarium, when 
itenei. yields a multitude of living worms, though at 
first seemed un e microscope pe erfectly devoid 
of of life, and the same n may be revived several 
‘ois to the bottom, mere is sufficient ws 
rid of it entirely. It was pmol a y Prof. Hen- 
heat might be TRIT b appears that 
at precisely the same y sige 
eases to germinate 
148° F. which is ftal. to the vibrio, ther 
drying or from se anpiation of 
me in mher water, a method w pier tised 
s again nst Dilute 
= a troys the vibrio effect- 
wally, and it may therefore “stor a ful r à 
This tray must a gor the nj of divest 
experiment, and possibl rewinnowing the seed corn 
may be a Seid safeguard without ka and more 
troublesome and expensive processes. 
656. Vibrio has, I believe, never been. found in this 
country except on Cereals. Dr. H 
communicated 
è same as in the Wheat vibrio, I but I do nöt conceive 
con rei e really distinct. This species must be | 1.5 
imes to a very severe degree of cold, a 
circumstance which is well worth notice when taken i 
connection with the wonderful endurance of long 
. Add to these the the p effect of 
Di C eld 
7 
LOW TEMPERATURES WHICH DO NOT 
AFFECT THE VITALITY OF PLANTS, AND 
THE MODE oe ELIMINATING THEM FROM 
AN TEMP. roe ES, 
i 
ON 
From M. DE age ee phie Botanique.” 
(Con anes fom p. 2 
ArT the St. yg ee r prevents plants from 
profiting by the temperatures above 
32° between the jika = eiai pril inclu- 
ay ae the light mei account for rapid flowering 
of Alpine plants. By seers | the temperatures in 
the e according to he preceding method, I find at 
the St. Bernard— 
Mean Temperature caleulated aecording to the two Methods 
at the St. Bernard. 
Ordinary Approved. j ' 
method. method, | Differences. 
e | sons, of bise the ordinary 
jw 
© 
© 
oo 
Q 
sao) 
leukemia 
' the sun’s s rays, miwhih 
the observations do not aen and we have 
the explanation ot the extraordinary vegeta ps of 
spring on high. mountains in places which are earl 
os f snow. 
impossible to make similar mnla for all 
ets tote of which the means are me more 
ple me wn must be erm to. avoid. the error 
induced by the negative degr Our a I 
think, be Ait if we take the fi first sion last. days on 
rature fi 
eriods when th 
is 32°, and the second resulting fro 
uired before and after the period of the 
errors will be the more apres 
Rte the ae excessive =e climate. Let us try to 
form an idea of their exten 
i 1844—45 and 1 
he ie of 
m 
say heat 
ean of 3. 
he arising from the 
negative quantities, į. e., 1.5 monthly. [If we multiply 
à 45°; this Sodni multiplied 64 
If to this we add the 
£ desiccation of the Wheat vibrio a Chron., | to add 2° to 3° to the monthly m 
- 1856, p. 172). . This power of calit has , to obtain the amount of heat above 32°, 
been al ogni: geg ieren a: tho, including the effect of the direct sun. "Happily this 
vibrios. He has them to a pages must in the months of least. importance 
—4° F. for several hours without to vegetation. 
however, far above the Po pa iad to which tha Arctic Let us examine from this point of view co in 
exposed. om | which the thermometer more frequently falls below 32° 
Davaine’s observations that vibr os are Pali to resist pee it does at Geneva; for e le, St. Petersburg 
fe Ponies, 1: 1841, Yor ii, "og ja 
è . of Nat. Hist. Vol | 
ariy | This p 
n horse, it continues even when the 
1 | in your Paper of the 7th of Mare 
formula to 
ia z “ Bibliotheque Universelle. > The 
following is 
23 Ae emperatures 
naiai a in 1847, r caleuiatoi according to both Methods. 
sums = > according to theordinary method. 
t do. 6066 after pirin. Aajne 
5541 ditto 
5037 ditto 
4! ditto 
= 4105 ditto 
= 3673 itto 
= 3446 ditto 
= 2878 ditto 
= 2520 a 
. = 2189 
> to ng to this table i if a plant, to ama its | 
more than 4560° above oe t could | 
not have re eenel its seeds in M | by growing 
abo rene a years Wan he 
ove 44.6° it could not have received 
th ed them 
In that year the at of the ype of rates 
equa riled d that of Nov a T, ei 
degrees above 46.4° ; the diffe ine a 
if we calculate 4 sn any of the degre 
up to 44°6°. might easily multiply hi pasa; 
In the summer doaia y niey. 
Ean birden by the o pa 
with those beni i * 
t the means = , 
pe or 
ich may be meant ae on 
1ey were deduced io“ the —_ vations of many 
and at different i state o = 
rological bsg however, prevents ts a M; 
em, for Agf in the fullest we do not find the 
retrar for the pigres sie tthe the ¢ 
n each ras rate very labori 
At the m enrarir of this article I compet 
to thermometers. The : mparison is PPE o, 
from the lo en degree o ‘heats required en | 
oint m ood M ked upon as a pr 
trie fins of tio: lan 
whieh the mean tempe: 32°, and in 
idering the phenomena of can e of | re onary when the cold sets in, 
| those temperatures only are taken between these | afresh when the necessary heat 
two epochs, A large amount of ee is thus sug pare th a wheel 
for if the average of a sufficient number of years set it im motion, and 79 str 
taken, the temperature will found i 0 patoise by the effect produced. i 
increase and decrease day by day, except in anomalous | e it; its efforts falling short of a tna 
lities which may be neglected n if it 
applie 
vis comparison shows that to approda i 
of heat upon the vegetable kingdom ie must take i 
consideration : Ist, the tem igre 
duce any e effect at 3 2dly, the intensity oft i 
marek 3dly, its durati on. 
Manini Core ondense. 4 
Coppice Wood.—Permit m i 
spondent, a ANT Countryman, ” aiei 
he can obtain a sight of such coppice as is 
h, that on th 
w superio; season, are as 
the following Ta 
Number o. acre, 2151, at 6d. 
ge aioe stem n produci ng Tbs: of eh age mtr Í 
he observations given in | them 
the 
l 
certain Degrees which occurred at i 
y li 
paste impregnated with th bstances for a| jr Te St. Pir 
does cotine, though it their motion, | Pst d in aa ou Barman in 198 Or an annual rental of 42. 1s. 11d, at its 
em, an icm i state of matured state ; there 
. decomposition, though highly diluted with water, have Em it MA | Difference. | most wooded districts. 
a similar action ; but though the vibrios become straight | wise subject 
Dait si apparently dead, washed with pure | St. Petersburg = 38.2 | 41.2 | 20 | Forester.” J. Whyte, Chomet Wass 
water they begin to move again. er worms = z Appropriatene 
are not tenacious life “like the smaller a “What I have said of temperatures below 32° holds especial = a se that most. 
ete a course | Sond also of tem Sa to 40°, &e., mine very g y overlooked. I have 3 
ae a ewe Hom hers a$ actemperey anat d which ught to be 
: Lnidesth ha; AGAR by ineluding these low Rett: eviey patie 
temperatures amongst those from which the means at all cared for. i 
i cncalatin useless ones are rth ger go the interlaced stem and branches 
Pa ote vegetate, it would be in interesting to martha e imi 
calculate, according to the formula given above, Ag desire nt 
sums of the tem peratures above each r tat: to be applied, ar 
epresentation 18 to pp. 
iin aia fortunately the thag is too c captioned for AP i gonistic that a moment 
sali ema but an Ber e pr le will show the advantage to be | convince one that, as a work of taste, 
ed from such a method of constructing meteorolo- —the idea of utility be 
t. The 
M. Ritter has kindly caleulated the’sum of the degrees | mame” 
na e we 
ih in “abet above 32°, and up to | the whole fabric, consequently 
applying: the natural i 
