350 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
constitution he considers as utterly unworthy of notice. jeepa- pack GEA of — degrees of effi- 
When he has 
[May 16, 1857, 
the same oe of bone-earth 
duced by mean 
en got together a heterogeneous assemblage and mercial y We are afraid | nical m the finest pox T Y Mech. 
of ey gt br eeds a "E Tosses, , the ne ae bec find | m Bpan n munaa we ith e true character of can Ians ene ardar ae a, a herein 
on eration, he: tas the S Meer gece Se nimal Which a sj this description of manures, as often led astray | and goes further as a ure, but it is eed 
ae sai aE o p sh a by high sounding names, or by names which at | energetic in its action upon vegetation, 
a “he is > fs of your fancy bared, For aj {he time find favour with the agriculturists, for! The insoluble phosphate of lime prepared 
iw’ conted o beavlock fhe scat it ea So that such manures are often sold at | chemical means possesses properties not found 
glaring deste ot shape, and the total mas of quality high prices and are nothing more or less than very | the same degree in bone-ea h, though the a 
He with the idea that the roria inferior kinds of superposphate. position of both is exactly the s same, An 
peer is c on colo in reality he is dear at any The variable composition of these manures of | instance is to 
slope of ignorance and indolence, until, after the lapse 
e 
of years, he finds, to his io buy his that no entreaties it is for this reason of gre importance to the| minutely divided that its co 
lour is pal 
will induce customers y, raw-boned | farmer to entertain clear deus respecting the | almost white, and its medicinal pro re Jelin; 
nas el arse oy ae Aea | pa for the characters of these manures; in had ay to| that one part of precipitated sulphur MA 
thriving stock of his neighbour, M r. THOUGHTFUL, who derstand Wah titu A f h k o atas mu h effect h phur 
as pursued a course in every shanti the opposite 1 R ash CODSIES tS 94 superpaosphate 7 ect as eight parts of fine flower 
that which has entailed such heavy loss upon him. are the most efficacious, and how to estimate their | of su 
“Mr, THOVGETFUL ha la few good cows of the ordi- | relative commerci value Notwithstanding the fact that soluble or bie 
nary short-horn breed on his farm, which he considered| In order to facilit tato ‘the solution e several | phosphate of lime is gradually rendered i 
as well adapted for okis promising stock as they ractianl questions which have lately been ad- | in contact with the soil, the a 
had proved themselves for filling the milk pail. Having | dressed to us, let us inquire in the first place into ing bone-dust and other phosphatic’ materials wi 
discarded all which did not answer to this description, | the object which the sger cture iew | sulphuric acid are undeniable. ow, if th 
he neglected no opportunity of filling their places with |in dis olving bones or 1 phosphates in | efficacy of bone-earth is DE y increased by this 
others of a similar ¢ er, and thought little of giv "y sulphuric acid. On the addition of oil of vitriol | means, which no one can defy, ‘and if this can be 
a pounds or so over the market price for s 
, 
~ tale-dadt, bone-ash, coprolites, and sai ‘done with profit to the consumer—a fact whi 
Bares ved = his a — em he deemed substances, cerry sly washed with a certain | perience has established—it is evident that a super 
oR faces a kih ard aaa cana eat ‘Sia. he quanti of water, a portion of phosphoric acid, phosphate containing 30 per cent. of te of 
on a gh quality, perior Drood, ich combined in the bone-ash, &c., with lime, is| lime, all rendered soluble by chemical means, musth. 
was the result of high keep, for he possessed that rarest liberated and the lime of this irn ihes more valuable than another in which only one- 
and mot snanoy-enaking © of all qualifications, the power | released from phosphoric acid unites with sulphuric | half of this proportion is meth solu uble and tae 
an animal when out of condition. | acid, forming with it sulphate of lime or gypsum. | half left in its original c ion l 
* As ieee hie ball, Mr. THoucutrut actually had | The liberated phos sphoric acid, however, rapidly| ‘We have often heard ia e opin = advanoed that 
the vagance to give a celebrated breeder ot eared mmp a a fresh portion of bone- ‘ash not acted a? the Turnip plant requires soluble phosphates 
i itti i sulphuric aci wi e | give it a rapid start, and insoluble hosphates 
pare Be mo. as it ee mS ka pigras insoluble phosphate of lime, of which bone-ash A after : ~ : 
an ool, are per n consider- : : 
pren In the first sE he knew the ans not only as a 3 
i edi 
had s fi ] fh to fetch | 2nd bon terials employed a larger or smaller growth, for we have seen or ob the soluble 
‘pie ise iaio. ag gin hong BE his iliy had | | qu antity of insoluble phosphate is thus rendered | is rendered insole $ in the nd 
300 
eost 300 guineas, and that his stock proved him to be | Solub e. sonh be e readily remo oved bri rain. It is es 
worth it. And he well knew, too, Tiet if he waited 
8 
til taas in comparison with bone dest oP a — Gi bone-earth soluble, would save 
of his obtaining him for a sum within his means. He, | just due to the fact that the inedleible Phathati them much cost in acid and manipulation, but the 
therefore, deemed himself most Sarwar that his offer, of lime contained in the latter is rendered soluble Aodtaines is not rron by fact, and ca ono 
eg ee ot e the aar was Aem n, , had ez aa : ecepte on in water by ee "as of acid, in which state it | correet principle. 
us he owner of one of the best br is maintained, and is readily taken up by the plant, 
ree the neighbourhood at what he rightly deemed a very | This view of the m atter, however, A 4 ot es tl ira sor a a n a te on from ia 
ile rg correct, af least not in the sense in whic altered bone-phosphate. Wha ee ether 
Ww o 
ee per ier Rei o is. => tókt is = y accepted. Is it likely, we would ask, simply this that boue-earth rendered soluble ye 
niin. pe a riaa pnma va that a ighly acid solution can come into contact t t Teast im i 
bao the annual arrival of a healthy, even hand- | With the er spongioles of the Turnip root | unaltered dissing fis: finely it may be 
some, lot of calves, from which he selects the healthiest without aces them? Does not experience powdered. At the same time it is well to bear in 
d isi i ject in vi mind that superphosphate often contains insoluble 
phosphate of lime in the Sasi of coarsely sire = 
coprolite or mineral phosphate. In this state 
it steadil ic mic a 
nt, hand nor Se ae es he ie attained it; and, lime or similar basie raran maes an in- 
0 i r 
superp. 
are calf to an ual value. His nam acid taste, the soluble o or bie 
is now ainia he has by common consent achiovok | “quantity of Ean iaeia aan Erana injurious in them bein g highl pi zy a acid na 
success, but henceforth all is plain sailing before him.” | | when sown with the Turnip seed, and have found must not be vce, 0 r 
| that as large a quantity of superphosphate as 1 ton superiority of a ranei for the nae 
E have remarked on a ae Seere that | per acre, instead of producing an injurious effect, tion may be due to the presence of free m 
superphosphate of lime can be ared at all Prom moted the germination of the se seed and r rapid acid, which exists in badly made samples often ™ 
s from 4l. to 10l. per ton an ards, All development of the young plant in a mark vn quantities, ie 
sperrhosghates tes and, we may add three-fourths of degree. As this superphosphate contained no less amount of soluble phosphate is nenallf,, 
por ntecgennma te fertilisers contain as essential than 28 per cent. of soluble phosphate the experi- ome not alw determi arerp” ; 
ents—bone-dust, or Merari oe ro ment is conclusive, and proves that, on calcareous ‘ak: Seah watery s elution, zi a superphospaate Wi 
ana a more = less -ga wd ce = soils at least, a heavy dressing of the most Seen ammonia, true that some ro 
e trated superp ree ae down with the 
i 
ty artificial Beat ee any But does this not show yr the acid soluble catteted 
sie lime, but a 
addition, or saath pt for a considerable length phosphate of lime may come in direct contact with TEF 5 Topas | e seldom occur, smn 
of time until they become by spontaneous evapora- the young rootlets of the Taraip without injuring a aie’ persons Friz sell inferior articles % 
tion sufficientl RRS to be sent out; but them? By no means; for all soils pital, if not | high prices possess t-mould, and Tal 
more y they are dried - at once with lime, alumina, or oxide of iron or m esia, which p rials ready A a for mixing: 
ay rig om eap mate: the 
gypsum, peat mould, charcoal, sand, like all basic substances have a great affinity for st will determine ™ 
sawdust, or iaar $ cheap materials At one time acids. In consequence of this aftinity they panies amount mors — omega in the ammont 
bone-dust was the only phosphatic meieri gradually that portion of phosphoric acid in the meci itate, ne readily deteet py this means anf 
pr for making superphosphate, but at soluble or bi-phos hate of lime which has rendered | } ca tter in this = cipitate. 
t large ‘quantities at Daneu ‘bons Minti tho bucoaacth AAT , and insoluble phosphate is | "= oe to us by® 
(the a ng black of su refineries), coprolites, | thus ain meee: as soon as the rain washes the par a a text book 02 the 
apatit $ ; ay | correspondent, im reference bo a that we do not 
nodoubt also to be found in other countries, if search the soil. This being the case it may occur to m analysis of manures, ES ggi ze, woul 
wer p i ini iae 
i bones in acid 
om bone and acid alone, others partly with a view of rendering the phosphate soluble if 
from bone and partl m bone-as eee the latter is again fonderà insoluble on contact 
or ground coprolites and acid. ers again with the soil. In reply to this question we answer 
a similar way are mixed re with e be the great benefit resulting from this prepara- | rie 
dried night-soil, or with a certain sma proporti n is due to the minute rit ion of th 
of sulphate of ammonia, blood, animal elis insibha phosphate, which is effected in soul, 
matters, or guano. The names of these different Dissolve d by acids and wrecipitated in the soil, the 
uperphosphates are as multiform as the modes in insdluble phosphate of lime is o ined in an i 
which they are sr ame ; in reality sterner all comparably finer state of division than it can be | [Erom tHe JOURNAL or THE ENGLISH acsroouses i 
artificials, sold as manure, bone-compost, vit- prepared by any mechanical means. In i | Agri 
$ romia phe ‘phate JS 
angel se Sid ition of weight 
er honphates | insoluble 4 occupies a tr i 
&c., are essen- larger b haps eight or 10 times the bulk as 
