xs THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, [May 16, 1857 
the cultivator ; _ perhaps y uo profitable outlay ` will | extent of Ireland. These soils redolent in Rushes : and | care of seven hors ses each, whilst ‘the a 
lie between these extrem aquatic oe: cold and late in their spring produc morning till pa 5 5 (when they go to o ES ara e in te 
Rotation of Crops, ass the = st kind of Drill for | tions, soaked the winter, cold in the spring, the ene an and agp T i e r d : 
sone purposes, on a sma all Farn —TI wish to ask your | September or piek harvests destroye d by the | After dinner, hee ‘contin at 3 Pir When they dat 
opinion as to the most judicious cole of cultivating, PEAR are far beyond the economy of the men in | Chandler’ chaff machine, improved by ‘Sim Richmond 
oad. "may be called a small pape but which, ander the acana ae ds they are; they require e , expenditure in | CVt What chaff the 14 horses nue 
peculiar circumstances of the will in a sho me | drai they can ano afford, and w f they afternoon, able he pee mplish between 4 and 6 o & 
become a large garden, being necessarily undor spe could, they rarely would expe end ; tie Ton w An not | shea of w hich “they consume about 30 fed on cut Og 
and fork tillage. 1t comprises s about 40 acres: soil a take it, and even viia disposed to do > he te ditali probably about 12 Ib. of Oats of atk bli per day, 
eep loam, incumbent on clay, well adapted fn the frequently deterred from no t being met, on peat able Sows jor nearly three siones er horse. As the lads can 
growth of Wheat and Beans, and when thoroughly | t by the tenants, who are too frequently eal difficulty whatever is felti a eee a stone ae w 
drained, will no doubt produce abundant crops of Clover, inclined to take undue advantages of a landlord’s addition to this pe vance, i ston ote 
gu Eppa e szda adai l, aat and Swedes. | liberality. It is lamentable to see in this respect so joerea bhan ages — is given bians f to ach hand 
supp undry and water- | much spat gy ws on both sides. Did a proper under- | foreman any , tack meat IE Whatever, Th 
closets of the piaga io portii taie to which it is | standing exist between landlord and tenant, with the | responsible person, and undertakes to prove i 
exed will be amply sufficient, under a regular system | aid o r, Taraa funds and the assistance of the Land À comed. H that i y nam wi 
ofh hand-culture, not only to keep the land in heart but | Companies, all the necessary drainage of these cold clay aei do their duty cg vet 
progressively to increase its fertility. Bearing in mind | goils might m pan ; but i is fool 
t stan it be obvious that the pro- would suggest of. progressiv: ely effec ecting their | they have also the Teindly assistance of the rector one 
pases of such grain a a ier ange as are best adapted inage by the kit at, perhaps; little more cost than during the week, who teaches them to write, explains to hes 
sustain human a prim ae object of esent annual outlay i in the partial and ineffectual | guidance and a iuen a nid the my best t poika ther 
attention May I peek ay = the favo of your | drainage he iooi (the shovelling up of the eo est teaches them self-respect, and softens t Tae 
gn and that o arer readers as to the sa suitable | of his Potato ridges, vc.). As soon after harvest as poss ogo ninghers, and 1s hi the Gad productive nee d 
opang out a trek of land’? Tt strikes ino plough the gro und in lands 20 or 24 feet wide ‘then the > Dost and happiest results tae a Ni 
tat © with the advantages both as to culture and manure | before E Gite winter dig the furr “iar to the f ate o pp bei ah. a yar pro is 
I have eee it to possess, something like T ig seis deeper, “spreading t = soil over the Tana (ee skeleton five, or one cow for three men ; 26 stones of bacon Goak 
three-co a a stem mig be opted : eat ; plo ugh may be alon g thems fis rst) ; t this | PS weighing = stones) for himna, aa 26 stona or 
2, Mangel Wurzel, and pista 3, Potato toes, The | time of the nsen is discoun ca aca pats for puddings end pies, and 20 best thirds for ba i e 
proportion of each will necessarily vary according | infertile or bad red be ii stuff, still oe in s uch sma 1l | man, one quarter o f malt for himself and the harvest men, 
ms and occasionally other sian both quantities do no h 
+ 
aeg 
F 
~ | four in harvest). He brews himself, and has 5 pr- 
dles 
d . 
course, to , and | it is in 
that one horse would amply suffice for this part of the | winter until the fall dain depth tay don when | and mill, and cold meat; for dinner bot mest De MNI 
work, but what kind Q ae would be best for the probably there wil will be found stones ee = t e dings, = etables, and one pint of ale; for supper hot meat, 
purpose? It ought to be on a scale erie santas surface of the land for the drains. The 1 bread and milk, or Pea soup. By this means they haye always 
the motive power, and to the extent of the required | should take place immediately previous to a tee chat three times a Ay, mailk twice, Sad eset 
work, a of universal drill, suitable alike for r grain | being Aii in and the raisəd ay i left on the side of tear defers DAT at some iting perl d ge 
oe iiie. raised or pres wi ko which might be added | the drains. The stones and this clay will fill up from | Which always expires on sth of May, I belie the 
hoes on Garrett’s “ m but these 13 to 2 feet of th e quantity of bacon pe is ye e Fe tase but the flour 
perhaps will hardly E ne ra rel S manual labour | of “th 
will be always at and, and in Pel I may be cit 
told that drills fi purposes, with and without 
drain; the previous working little above what is xequited:. fun al r 
d by drawi mg the soil from the dra i an, his wife, apania p i and five mse) cal ee 
piar probably egini am more than a foot and a half of about 30 stones for each person per annum. p mmal 
2 digging of the brows m ay fill in | expenses of their board and wages may be set down a 
manure, are as thick as S Black berrien. and m may be hired half a foot more, oe the succeeding su peara Bey eo a 
any day in almost every village. Iam aware of it, but ings and harrowings of the land JP pram ie mame rin ara bY. E E 
they are too cumbrous for the purpose ve men- | remainder, and bring the field to a level. irera e 1 quarter of malt . A Ser EO 
tioned, and would involve extra horse hire. Can either | not be stones enough on the surface of the lands for all cows, at “3, 6d. cach per - 18 
of my friends Ransome or Garrett give me a helping | the drains, and should they not be convenient elsewhere, 130 stones of bacon, ~~ five mon, ati, edy 
hand in te or third or fourth drill might be pe a v 
9 
a bsequent years as stones t a? TETTA 
in min t “in a multitude of | came to the I have links kit of stones, not er eee abi ss S 
p mee on = ogi git gis ape Sone gn deo for sp doing: require only labour, not pore, and piece eee 
lay. ha ae 
io on Ani d Baar nt. Taylor, Gloucester. ia 14, perti A eo cane ge Pad While th . "only be £188 8 
the 
? ay rem: y 
t of Small Farms ” Treland.— | p) oh Tn additi il A 
tl a oil p ong aa, tthe a must be dr as Sg digging j is bette wrote of t Pah system, pop teste: ph ne has Be 
hise = ee Mm te ae Although nw posal are} superfluous milk from two cows to dispose of, hom 
i ver objectionable ye ere ar taiate N = w mus » th rivile e of raising 
te at apima of “a and small resent ; each | choose the lesser evil, and ce can be none sATA uef BEN gathering, egg ogee. Bi r ipee os n 
certain price per couple an 
ence, while are more dependant on toma $ ana Geode level Ja land eipermtarstad with her masa secaist, aa Enana s the 1 residue wiw own 
BeA the aaa: T ment ver ed. depends th the comfort A : | welt being te 
ishmen ms amo 
capital, of large com of manual labour and of Societies. mei haneyo foreman and five farm Zain 
inferior intelligence ; they are the precursors of large SSR cre average for each being 31l. 8s, or he i > xe 
farms, of accumulated wealth, of advanced science ; they ROYAL AGRICULTURAL OF ENGLAND. pe Al week. grag ae n in gaT da: 
however produce a better descripti d less demora-| WEEKLY Counctt, May 13.—Mr. Mrixs, M.P., in | rg ry Magee or en ewe and Anis y be ect ee 
r a i mm om 
Bcolecoscesocoscoe 
Be 
a 
s 
o'clock in the morning and finishes at 6 K 
0 of 
on 
country by the greater amount of population = Garnett, M.P., and Mr. Flemming, essful | increase during harvest, I think it must in justice ai 
se ey hay give aie to our armies age labour. = trials recently made with Boydell’s frvaction » Engine and 2 me that I have at least pointed out to sect such 
in their stress to the larger farms. Each conduce a Endless Railway in Norfo Ik; from Lieu Sete Cane, one, moreover, as may at any time be 5 ovip os pres 
un on in Am ; 
and, in the capitals and intelligences they require and | Hope; and from the Foreign ‘Office on the progress of | tageous to master and servant, Te anton, the a ae 
command, are mutually necessary to the various con- | Cattle Disease abroad.—Professor Way's annual Report, Engan ei to rm darbai aeee utility, and to warrant i 
ditions and requirements of our agricultural population. | 2$ consulting-chemist to the Society, was read.—A dis- | more general adoption.” 
The circumstances land, in the deficiency of her | cussion took place on the value of data possessed by| Mr. Cheffins ‘then read a paper on login 
agricultural capital and in the limited information of | Cattle Insurance Companies in reference to the con-| accompanying it with specifications of architecto 
her husbandmen and from the nature of much of the | ditions of disease among live-stock of farmers details to which we may hereafter refer. g 
land, will perhaps long render sm ing a necessity, eene ee Mr. R. Baker said, o old habits and customs wer’ HI 
be it for good or i _ notwithstanding the somewhat Farmers’ Clubs easily eradicated. Bes rtescue, a gentleman ’ 
gh rsa efforts of many proprietors to force large| Loxpon: Lodging and Maint Agricultural | known in Essex, wen t expense in on 1 
A ; nce of to grea 
ese conditions, and which indeed | Servants. Atth thly meeting of this Club, Mr, | lodging-house, ach ign ti princip : 
appear the less called for as there is always a sufficiently | Marshall read a at pe re bows eA eE 3 : Mr. Chen, = though there was a lack of we 
their tenants to of the southern and midland counties the 
hou x 
avail themselves of every opportunity to increase their | custom prevails of hiring by the year at a certain sum per | ment was rae held nore to the labourers, the experiment 1 
pecs, ah rete however of the nay objections ot week, which is regularly paid every Saturday night, a small | altogether unsuccessful, and at this momen 
the aggregation email: forms, in deduction, say about 2s., kept in hand ig? ensure the roe ge of No th Wick, in Southminster, in 
well bes a service to the end of the contract, the servant in all cases -houses Wi 
well-being, nay existence ¢ of a pray an rales engaging to board and lodge himself at his own expense. ‘This|of Mr. John Kemp, the lodging- 
community no longer exists; the famine, the ip sans he usually does with the foreman on the farm, who undertakes useless. 
and the tide of emigration have so thinned our multi- | prais pi him with bread, meat, milk, and vegetables, at a fair Having heard the statement of Mr. Marsh 
tudes that a scarcity of labourers is very much felt, ed aa cheered toe tion to the cost of Provision, 1s. 6d. Per | aonear that in Essex the farmers were paying ® 
: 3 z “4 week is charged for lodging and coo ; no beer whatever is | #PPC@r ire, where 
the price of labour, too low as it is, exceeds the allowed except during the time of hay and harvest, when four | t#eir laboure: ee isho gp gp g mo moa ; 
abilities of the em loyers both in their pockets and ‘ei | pintes ints per day are commonly given. The greater portion of the were enjoyed. by the le 
D thine stecbed or EEN «+, |a year seemed to cover rea who é “expense 
heads. Taking then the existence of sm ini a dimt Bg Da in Lincolnshire, whereas he (Mr. iy oe 
Ireland as a thing that must be, our efforts should be | Gnd of the year is that of the 2. per week retainod im his | that his labourers cost him less than from 33t 
directed to er them to the highest degree produc- | master’s hands, and which he will require for the purchase of | 2¥°T@8°- his on i ir 
tive, and to i Aaaa the skill and increase the knowledge "clothes, ——e &e. Peay Oi little or noting as a fund for the 48 weeks at 1 
savings upon when e 
e the tillers of her soil: much I think may e done in infirmity of any kid may render Sis iniia i te aa 4 ee in the'harvest and iay season - 
ese latter connect ions by the parochial or p roprie- | avail himself of what he may have able to save out of his Be a phinn d hay season 
torial establishment of instructive farms as foals aoe“ in wages in early life. In some of the northern counties, and also ns ~ and hay 
Line y apararii with w sirs ch I am more im tely con £354 
e custom to employ a large number of unmarried ; Is. 
ant men and lads, who are regularly hired by the year at the | Horsekeepers in Essex were general. Lg ts 
arious statutes held in the district for that purpose, from Old | week —_ than the ordinary men, a „i 
y to Old eo ge. E At the present time wages vary | besides having other advantages which he 48 weeks; 
5l. for lads who can plough and go with horses, to 20l. | He (tr: Base rm: J se them 12s. a week for adh hs, 
ho are also drill men and stack during Pont harvest and hay season; Aput 
a farm of 500 Turnip land it is customary be Beer, ht their wages to STU 108 fo 
——_ for which five farm servants, ing wo ote rs than was paid © 
sce seed far at | Meme cee ees, oS 
wa: > 
are wholly employed from 4 — in | 371. 10s. The difficulty would be to introduce 
8 in the evening jin feeding, and in the | Essex. Mr. Bramston had laid it down as one 
