380 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
pore steele aot PE Better. they onghk do to stand so far a apart as 
cated by the late Professor ZUCCARINI ong taught , the more northern island of Niphon. 1 
us that. its foliage, of the deepest reen on one| evidence is furnished by the fact that our plant | pore kde thier or t, by ‘the da m ma ma, i 
side, and white on the other, could not fail to ws associated with the Chinese Larch en ag mS age, “A pa ma Bre ee nd ne : 
render it a plant ing ornamental aage of 49% is), Beeches, a se ; we may Some emay be alittle too close e patre o feet : 
hinn: 
ciety by Messrs. VEITCH, who are | and Crypto wo p " tndigp ma Bh AE Sola are | 90 feet apart, then when one died a space Paia 
the fo fortunate eee of it. In the meanwhile natives of more southern ip de a. a therefore would be made, and should two contiguons trem 
some further history of it now seems desirable. e that no reasonable doubt a blank is made, and the wind makes havoc among the 
who announced the aag of | a of the perfect suitability of Thujopels. ra tote around. Scots Firs, when so regulated 
te. 1m 
e n 
i i eon THUNBERG, | this clima 7 
this tree was the Swedish surgeo nor nikap oo tapering, but with girth of ste 
ict orders 
Fir | have = now issued to the gatekeepers to wie 
pe tire m to all applicants who cannot produ 
Noes one agile sty Bed erin geal hua some written proof of their bei =e > Gdhilom 
mand song white beneath.” In his | Gardeners. The names of e pre nurse seryme ’ 
Flore a araen? T s it is called by the pp Erer formerly extensively m made of by un Ea | unhealthy for a time. e had the ¢ 
Sa ; tha 
wa se gy pomp or Assuraro; that it | lous people, without any sort of authority, will y | plantation me che of Scots Firs, with a fey 
grows in ‘tis. countries of Oygawa and Pakonia, a, | ow be permitted to pass in strangers. rches m and there through it, of about 
between Miaco and" Jeddo.: CA very lofty and of nurserymen will, however, be regar ea a as a Bae st ie d condition, from being neglected toy 
wide-spreading tree pla anted by the eer over | Sufficient introduction. re Tew never been n Lana paee 
ai 5 came 
Mount Fakonia; the most beautiful of hii Tue remarks and offers that have lately been under my charge. It has been very difficult to thin it, 
Siviory ond Zucc ARENT speak of it to the follow- | Setted in our columns from the makers of hothouse and it is not ye et gee like pr it — vo mys 
effi ota ry boilers, and others that we have since received, are | 28e and height first all the 
ing effect. mes are Asu naro, dead and unhealthy £ trees, with. a ier of hee 
Chine all it Rakan hak | assuming a form which renders it undesirable to 
Asufi, and Hib. The ese call it an ha ones, remo ~ places. which had. never 
and Gan ai’ hak, H y fo Cana ca. the moist teh them. A. praise is own, as a matter of thi a a puia atesi rest a is ft an 
slopes of the valleys of the island of Ni appt Gar urse, B. does the same, C. is quite of another | could and give it a the thinning. not able 
the latitude of Portugal and S. Spain). mind, and offers to back his boiler against all the | for a number of years to get. anything li be ane 
tree, with j a d a oh orld; E. says that C. knows nothing about periodical thinning performed, but directed my 
in req : another place , and ery bad one, while F. employs | tion to the necessitous parts. F have gone over it 
these authors say ‘“ he Hiba is a very high tree still stronger languag st, therefore, | cautiously, generally every second year, an 
with a majes a shad ie pyramidal, decline inserting any further remarks his | the e d sides a ms = ground, it promises yet 
and formed. of ene $a ing or asi n drooping branches. 4 d leave the rivals to settle their merits bee but as it was so long 
such ar arrangements as they can make without our | neglected, and the i panie had received rather a severe 
It grows on the mountains of the island of Nit ippon, | tery tm y thinning, which: undaly exposed. tha.troek MAI MANIA 
particular, where the soil is wet (although originally 
drain ving 
ON THINNING P PRN ajat to recover. J nthe wens wis 
By Mr. PHILIP, FORESTER TO J. I LMERS, Esq., OF ALDBAR. | plantation, the trees having been kept so long in a close 
No universal rule can ok wid down by any one for | state, they have a very insufficient hold e ground, 
thinning, but general principles can be given sufficient | and having slender stems for their height, with a very 
for the gridane of those wo pote fafasi ion. Every | small proportion of top, they are liable to be blown 
district supplies lamentable evidence of thinning having | down by every gale. some of these parts it will 
been too long neglected, and in many instances where it | also be impossible to keep sufficient trees for a full pie 
has been performed, it has been conducted on anything | till they arrive at maturity. The only portion on whi 
but rational principles. This state of matters is to be | the trees have attained anything like the dimensions 
met with on the small property with a few acres of wood | which their age sr i 
only, as wall as on properties containing thousands | w: to expec where f Larch 
of acres. I frequent opportunities of examin- | Scots Fir had been ste Be v dae the greater 
ing small aata under brs management. One, in | part of the Larches have been killed by disease, and the 
icular, composed of principally, with aj Scots Firs, although too Fie in the lines, have had 
very few Larch; these eee been about 25 years gni space between them. Even here wert id 4 
old, and in general healthy. It had been thinned by | unequal cro rop. In addition to T re ; 
the land-steward, and the trees cut out and laid in lots | whole extent of the plantation is ningi over te an 
sprin d 
d straig’ and disposed of. 
trees, and left the smallest, bent, twisted ones, which | a great saving ; if ae were left ll dead the peed rice would 
been rendered so by strong Whins and Broom having | be from 2d. to 4d. per tree, while the labour of cutting 
been allowed to rise with the young plants, as the | and carrying out is nearly the same; wh before 
permanent crop. I found, on inguiry, that his reason | they die they bring from per Pasa 6d, each. 
for thus acting was because the bent trees would] A great mistake mitted inthe. man- 
bring but a low price at the sale. Nothing can | agement of Scots Fir ayata aata si gn eeping the trees 
ore injurious to the future pipky of a | too close on the outside kd diag plantation, from a fear < 
making | th 
be 
and 1 urpose g wind breaking = n 
asagi the ai sides a valleys. Tha e Japanese up a uea sum of money. Not a single tree ought | this plantation the So a a comparatively wide apart, 
fi n e clad wi e ground; 
t for ornament in 
gardens, w vam it into oan bushes on the ground, as if the Paang ‘be properly | from this point the wind does very little damage, while 
6 feet ‘high; ‘bat Seam ee to this size | Managed, it is to the full crop, when matured, that the | on the other sides, where the trees are much closer, ut 
; yon gs wi vill proprietor must look for the i profits of planting. | damage is often great. When trees at ‘he outside 
soy shay Foray is ee leayed variety call wr Py ap RT , no reason why the thinnings should maa are kept as wide apart as to ioe 
An: 
gok i "aN bundt with of the eames ge in view. ce ee thinnings, under a | a much firmer hold of the soil, and bring up eyez 
Hr : . | good gee em one om ent, m many parts of the | stem suited to their situation, and in this st 
the Quar: KÆMPFER, “‘ commonly y calle d Fi es ki country are a so great profit; but the ultimate healthier, and psala p Dek longer period. I hav 
and Ibuk t, a sort of Cypress, with a thick viscid | value ‘of the crop, the he maturity of the greatest quantity | been told that trees so managed will not defend the 
aromatic sap, smelling of Juniper, and having a | of clean, sound timber of good dimensions, ought to be | plantation against the storm, and that such a system 0% 
warted frui teadil ion of thinning. | thinni i its ruin in : 
acres 
th a 2 i i g B 
air ont | Plantations, who has allowed them to be neglected and | a park or hedgerow are seldom uprooted by the storm? 
evidently belong to some Juniper; and probably Pag. there can be no excuse, as the profit ne Nate dane es he rorik of such pred 2 "a circum- 
to J. chinensis, as ZUCCARTNTI has pointed out. from such an extent of woods, well managed, woul Set, Nees ; the free circulation of air and around 
- Such being the authentic history of this noble | ™°Te than repay the employment of a forester of tke r tops causes them to throw pe t saong g raed 
t question is what degree of hardiness | best ability and skill in his profession, Ga furnishes the Z5 with abundance of them ‘ty of the 
to 
i possess. Upon this we can inhaling a large q 
form an opinion by no other means than an by con ct Dea eia o p pan 7 er ig a etiek of Scots | gases from the Aoki k. which give strength are 
Fe je ne a de ke f the cli suitable to its growth, r Pag. to gers to the plant, and the large space allo 
sidering é eady Known ot the climate and be kept thicker than any gg Pa nd of trees, in order | the ramificati f th ts; these 
of Niphon, concerning which however we | useful ti as the value of "he rs ble gy ay og pat ied the ground that no 
nd no very precise information. It is said that | Fir consists in this, Pron } aot rn obec reisoh Ta AA a iasg e gece doy 4 <r hd ae the pie 
the Japanese islands experience by turns the ex- opinion that the best rule which can be adopted i in| wil will Pitas Kinet i the outsides Ji plantation grow, and 
tremes of eons and cold. = vam the north | thinning Fir plantations is to Bric. the ae at such a | prove of more benefit as shelter to the interior than the 
_ and north-west winds are y sharp, | distance from each other as to preserve the branches unsightly bare poles too often to be met wi in 
and bring alo ` with Ha Stuns frost (Malte | rey on one-half of the whole height ‘of the tree, from | situations. In ype to have the outside trees of such 8 ! 
Brun), But this is inconsistent with another state- i tae aE = ee tr reas are 40 years old, after | nature it will be necessary, a yore ‘thee promt ied tO 
pper, sugar, cotton, — E a e d to assume their natural | thinning, to shorten the Sms ie to stand 98 
aE 
3 
g 
Fg 
A 
ee 
"gS, 
F 
ge 
uit 
B 
4 
fe 
A > 
ili 
& 
g 
Ẹ 
t success. 
E statement applies merely to | small in in proportion re a inl of keeping 
py the ormer staloment fo of to | 0 grown in its native forests, By the time they are from | the trees a at the outsides, too many par en zi 
40 to 45 years of age, if they have been well managed, ground, and in such cases they are very IM =e) 
