426 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
hands of those with whom the a ~ selection | 
is thus 
e likely t 
ut aio. aant the inter 
life and prosperity of the Society will thus be 
ET 
© 
eh 
es on or before next Thursday, addressing 
Mr. HALL MAXWELL, 6, Albion Place, 
Edinburgh. 
ce am is not more 
than se tillage operations by which growth is 
fnoilitated, These operations may indeed arig 
ttention a wra season of the 
in period of 
land neither hardened by drought nor satu- 
water i is so far reduced to an apene 
moisture have free acce 
f Fa og ex- 
resented soil in 
nted it as 
or pores and cavities, the channe 
tween which particles were filled with air, while 
-> Paes avarya themselves were full of water. Iti owned is 
a 
farm 
e gathering of pe ex 
ho mean 
the season of growth | water that i 
ro- | it. 
decomposition of vegetable fibre which air and 
water holding | it in solution effect. 
g the a of the internal EEE TAR of sa 
a] amounts to this, that the real extent of an 
farm, on 
upon the soil depends on that which spate can 
extract from it; for it is only what is soluble in 
s useful to the growing plants, Erea 
thus fertility bears a very i aki t relatio 
the er aga than to the a of the hat 
the quantity not merely considered as so man 
er as fereialiiag 
the soil a po 
And t true, notwithstanding that 
tillage oe seem ‘ae ade in other eo chen: bni 
loosening the ground, Ploughing, harrowing, and | ; 
scarifying the land act apparently as pintei and | gy 
l seners of the and pressing, | gr 
impo: harden 
mu 
object wi cultivati rely, in 
erms, karietan mr aP end I sas 
food for vegetable piopi 
were speculative—not strictly pictures of what the | f 
microscope exhibited—but it is certain that van 
ied in some very important points with the 
results of tillage operations on the soil. 
in 
Thus, in the first place, well stirred soil holds 
did. This will 
more air than it pre 
replace without wil 
kerei erns the bulk of additional air which 
introduced into the land by its distur 
ance. And that by 
tillage the pe of mois- 
ined by soil is. 
inereased is plain to any witness of the effect of 
horse-hoeing between #9 rows in the Turni 
previous to and nd during t 
Asan 
we erie -= — p= as ultima 
facts nand seers 
they hae inherited: “Thus Wheat is the be 
for the tremens of the soil on which it grows, 
and Turnips like it loose and friable. 
Rolling, nevertheless, has this in — with 
pile: 
the ~— re ods 
and m to particles and powder, it "eda 
old contacts wmd a neng ones Within the soil, 
and so, like ploughing, harrowing, and stirring, 
ulti aes the vs sixctecs within the ‘ 
eee ch fi 
Brg eprom omen ate Sige 
nvieretions 
oa sete us leave the definitions and explanations 
of 
VPSTAtlOrns, 
s disintegrators 
ments within th soil, act directly as 
of it, and so (multiplying the number of a plo 
orven on 
and hear the 
Fai erations from the practical man. Hesa 
ina wW 
within the soil—that internal os as Ji ETHRO | 
TUIL called it—on whic 
as he sa 
that ti promotes : 
an apo e o ri ‘ace, OFF which rain 
ter can wash rect att TE vfa already 
, atmospherie i food 
sable bythe the ies 
for ‘oleate are 
s| the land, ands 
meate the whole 
d | plough to b 
Tas 
d the purpose 
| quent operation tis to remove the natural growths of 
tor hi 
e| the practice of JETER 
in lad presen nt hose pui also of 
er cultiv. 
WwW commo- | foarm 
ate ourselves in this to those — ae the plants 
te 
e | esti 
tillage of my land, one object of all 
operations i is the destruction s weeds,” 
writer on bare fallo m 
evidently taking his cue ies the 
mere labourer as much as of the intella 
arm 
all my tillage 
port at A 
the eat 
effects which the chemistry of those days a 
h i NNIE 
theless the main 
tillage operations is not to destro p m 
to increase the qua: ntity of food gis wri. ha 
its conversion ae foo and beast 
by plants upon its surfac 
It is plain that the stall and the th 
accounts o the matter ar 
oe ge = aay: than a 
pas: mpi a genial fay 
eA of tha Bor 
ithin the experience ss thas ira 
Hing 
on whi 
saat ai and of 
of ‘Gadeaten then first subsoil- 
sented = ames ago a remarkable i 
whic are informed by 
neces es that Lord TWEEDDALE’S farm at Te 
T | Mains presents a remarkable illustration now. 
ricky ence of Se: 
SOCIETY sted ARTS EXAMINATION. 
the questions put to candidates 
and excellence in Agric owledge. mre all 
be glad > receive answers to tert tere me me 
our readers. | 
to 
up in 
krata: under these three divisions—e 
—AGRICULTURAL EXPER 
1. Explain n the pene yard of the deeper drais 
in soils of ordinary te: 
2. To what is the increased fertility due that'follov 
the burning of a clay sis sao a 
3 A mae: 10 e so = 
_ Exp oly i alee vi 
WiliUdl LUC 
grow to powder as that the first shower shall per- 
to the surfaco surface 
abe remove. Ta roll 
in oH ea RT pa to ener 
pate 
von actin 
Lie even action 
of subsequent implement, the cul- 
eT 
matter in the soil, the gry raat of a sandy 
ich s matters are so much more 
s of common air, that taken 
B 
ined, that while peger are sty 4 parts of = 
ic acid in n 10,000 part | 
manured 
seeds, those o 
the Tarip need a finer tilth than the 
hose 
stemmed 
the Mangel 
i We i 2 eS a the Potato, 
to permit 
roa re 
ne ral as manure than that of full-grown 
cattle ? 
manure. 
4. How does Yie igpenstion, tt tillage implements 
increase the fertility of the om 
54 is the reason of the Tirai pps 
soque on the near soar cultivation of one erop 
Ter ianorthe explandiisoagesail given of sit 
e ations y ; 
called the Y Clover alelau ess. 
stoik 18 
i of cattle and 
0. Why is Siss : 
the. Siit of gen 
—FARM PRACTICE. 
a 1. Nome and ae the best volte, chatter 8 
e| onan 
, of Clover, of pg of June anı 
io 
e mere act of 
ination would ees jcopaciall | in the case of 
eget “mowing 
itti Enmon 
| 2 2. State the ordinary-eošt -per aero of baal | 
ogee Wurst), ai 
potatoes’ 
aT t are the hands, men 
arable farm, "= to be 
and October 
pre tropos the ‘cultivation, for the year, 2 iy oe 
Posen ee puanga a8 
