474 : THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE? Jone 1857; 
viving and invigorating the ma ny hundred liquidated—extra premiums for mipeoafol e opportunit ty has been offered ; in the en course Oe 
Mechanics’ Institutes throughout the Gong é. dates are thus provide d. Thes e extra efforts are | process for gatherin ng and aipe a weeds. 
i i i nion 
ut with | 1 re 
itself, Vors its instructions o with its aid with which their cost is thus defrayed is a very|of them too depends u upon the original tenaci © 
they have now become so many active educational | inferior sort. of proof. t where in the history of| the land, the condition it was in when first tae 
sitahiki e bE, e progress acy birew in this “a English Agricultural Society are we to look | hand, and also upon. the weather dn N, 
department of their labours is tested every year | for either class of testimony to such life? Noextra | intervals between the prelimina: nS 
b 
y examiners appointed by the central institution. | effort has been made and no extra.effort has- been | the subse sequent iar It is a n this one 
The more ordinary labours of its session are no ex- required. The routine of the Society’ s proceedings particular that t ame ee om he 
ception to the general rule of that life and energy | has been peer for very a quarter to economise his th 
which it now possesses. The topics of acusaiie at | century, and as - comes round the iprenodadite before the frost, so that it t sal eat pd Rig its. 
its weekly meetings no longer arise incidentally or | point in the Gii is poms and suecessfully influence—greater than that of a: 
announced. The several Henge are ne regained. tions—with the most ew ae &. so. mtd 
for many previous weeks, and m mbers: come| Its, conductors may be thankful for the/| his opera a = winter as'that e: t each shall pro. 
fi publici sik which, though it be but once a| duce the most e 
ation. on they know not what they come with a| year; ir rarer per them to court, for it em ma is the ‘somewhat ou mbrous process by 
definite obj akes biel nually a useful bod Were which in ordinary practice tilth is effected. The 
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which they are either ie in or on which Seopa for them to Wan their rule adad en of the a operated on is mie: such di 
they know that those most competent to speak have|the year, exclu all but members, and per- | a more compendious method is im 
alr Hy. invited. But the Society’s nas mitting only the official se ee the Society would | is a necessary ti in the press, a tlie 
ey are, “ear hold a tithe of its m die within the second twelyemonth. No one} is effected by the pendent dryings 
bers or ea “s friends, and measures are therefote woul pay 20s. nominally for an eet volume—j} which rain and sunshine pro we a r 
taken to mainta i thie interest of the absentees in | really for the maintenance of useless: official! influence of whi E pi ing and a 
its in. The publication of pre pro- | routine.. And on the other hand were it possible| expose the soil—rather which by- the actual dis- 
eedi d i i excep- illage "i 
a gor e of the n l 
transactions useful only as a book of reference—it mr _court that publicity at their weekly | possible Pari ] 
is ided for at once. A full report. of every ings that they seek at their marca) gathering, | Tillage operations: aA indeed have an =p 
Wednesday night’s ceedings appears at noon their exceptional experience then d also soon very reverse of tilth if rr on land in ar 
on Friday ïn a jo which every papa of the | become the rule, and we should fase them like the | unfit state. If ploughed and stirre cs when dry 
moring i i or ollowing -i of Arts—overflowing every week with in- a: particle of earth on; being ‘ftom: 
erest—rein eis our local farmers’ clubs— | its neighbours becomes, as Dr. Moonee 
more :—it has not been, by any exclu- takings the lead in agricultural education—sys- sesechin it, enveloped in air—if pl 
sive Syed to pa a interests of members that the | tematising and directing- their periodical’ discus- | stirred when wet, water becomes kn ed into it, 
membership of this Society has of late years| sions—determining the real and theuseful in agri- | and the result is the very opposite of that desired, 
multiplied, notwithstanding the doubled sub- | culture and employing their members in the task | It is in this order and succession: of the several 
scription now yeni This has been effected | —and in short fearing nothing but that arve processes of vr hen that’ the skill of the 
by. the obviousness usefulness of its. public ness and inactivity to which preseription and rou- | tical man will show itself most obviously, And it 
i Tt seeks pebltaity. and benefits by the | tine are so liable to lead. is here that mere gr (master of e cirouu- 
r ae receives.. Reporters | stances to which it: is accustomed) will often fail 
are not denied. admittance to its esi aan | THE processés of TILLAGE when conducted skil- | With change of place. We once knewa Scottish 
y periodi- | fully yi probably be- described as follows. | farmer beaten on the clays of 1 Wore 
e 
a 
weekly journal of the Society itse e have means of which we cut slice Prager slice y Bes the same in Woreest er as in Fifeshire. The plou 
ha ank the obn, “for unrea ead the depth and width of we hye rigees @ 6 or 
* proofs of kudha in order'to theirearlierappear- g inches deep and 9 to 1 15 inches wide | are certainly equal i in efficiency to those em 
Pe in our own columns, He yn rfectly that —Jayi g- them each ipiaes its predecessor, so|in Worcestershire, and yet the 
the true interests of a society at work are served that the old pra is buried and a new one is| Where. those accustomed to. the place succeeded.. 
pg earliest and widest pian, of ite. labours exposed. If the land has any surface growth upon | The difference lay simply in renee ormer; ison 
and achievements, Now ri tte. more than. it which you wish destroyed its surface may. be | the usoara local experie pao “ie 
in this one point int does the contrast more effectively pared in the first place, and perhaps burned; but | the operations to the soil vad wouter as tit i 
between. a society at ROPE 2 aid a. society apart from: this the first step is to cut off in this | land should be stirred only in ‘tthe 
‘Nom, edi a great Soe i S heey from the omae land a be to be reduced to wa time when the weather would net e 
eal of resemblance t r this 1 i i 
as Afte ayer is detac 
‘the Society of Arts and the National Agri- break it into fragments, so that with the aid of Wo have seen too even’ in. naalighilans and district, 
k ty. Their- constitutions. are. very- rain it shall become a mass of incoherent: heniiteniel during a season too of. such alternate character. ss 
much alike the a are: menltiferirins: particles. This is by dragging through it; fitted it particularly for liage operat i manso 
; a ber of h so near to her “s J 
many a useful aim directed. thoroughly to e successive ices | Suited him, while his neighbour, always 
e been marked ‘ : r break t furrow sli ; 
and many a useful end accomplished.. The great in ag the plough has laid it, and yet not so | late, had it always against him. The on wedosin a 
difference between the two is vastly to the advan- near as to become cl 2 witht ea d 8 
: g th either weeds or | got in a crop of ake Wurzel an 
tage of the latter. Its annual country meeting ol his i pois a a 
forces: it periodically into. the full activity of we F. is better done by the cultivator: than | season, and. hadi 30 
ut why is it not; in consequence of under oe by — oe their form, rather than | for his, Barley:crop this year. 
ul 
ore active, more energetic, by a ework n resting on a: number = 
ughout the year? Why are of heat jeen tecth which tinto the land b won tute 
2 few ap 3 eir mere weight. Ati ose ton Wels aN ; e when this dire 
number of howe s that th s hich: it: i z p 
ns—instead of the interested public operate | t ho dan = Teva to, Begin disease in the Turnip crop first makes its a rids a 
ul information on with, orit will not wo evenly as. to depth upon | The disease of late years Pores Jand, extent 
ce is nis directed, and the soil, and P lig om mag * t is wel ie use the harrow | throughout the length fields ose considered 
g e iaa a will sow that infor- _first—no implement which is sometimes One ie ale F ypotbae P 
is w wn slowly the field by | ¢ as.causes, and 
of colle as the 
eneg! agues 6h eg merely that. surface of the. 
t in the provision and is desire Siucnarunea m 
of chee yearend ll aise |} which. te must’ be done when the | the root of the evil—forgetting that in Turn the, bot. cage 
wet or even raw it: will we had it in all i ts energy. long before the 
way ve Others: 
Š . , i theory an 
ar furrow slices are torn | disease, and quote in proof o as the other part 
. merely. p Ts. of the few privileges Howarond phim en obi til f in Turnips a | 
i th. i ve] | of part.off a field being in p t rota 
bet; pa ete they rag ype a RKO: pee surface is obtained over which the on me i a je field wa pot = sown with T "ipa anā: the ; 
waaumeacnes al La of that life which TE scarifier may be drawn ploug tion the. whole fie r 
off Eiaa body. y they Ww. aia ership ry > ce pm of ba garans —_ is. thus: broken Mace To-argue that crop gli be. 
or recipients. But, take th 21, may be, unbroken fragments tothe! intervala-on the _ is é 
pie ut, take the case 20 of the Society of surface, they are in the position'in which the | to imouen. the annig of that system ¢ renes 
wher 
members are W wor the : een. t whi A 
gtk cme AE wane Pose yd i , harrow is able to deal with them. The cultivator:| cropping, the extended adoption of h s tho festin : 
wil g 
A it—they aA KARA et in weekly knowledge a AEA meaa e bý the aa and | primary cause of ren ‘our agri ing octet 
ts Proceedings—they attend and, speak at its | th | : 
nce, may er | result in m 
ferme: its fa Gy the teeth of | of King eri 
» OR- possibly a second ploughing across: the aait niman tie 
a ne the. former, hat case it is fol- soa aneh anaa 
d b; the harrow and’ by: the roller | na de, fe 
? j} 
ma 
t place we Psst n lement by | though the means employed in procuring tilthvare 
y tne anaged to so urnips: OF a 
, and so saves it from the fate. which a few teeth stretching downwards some. 16 | the flat during the wet tattile re varia ange a 
have-overtaken the Society or18inches from the framework shall find their way | had barely half: a crop to feed off asa m 
asers: of a nearly “oxen, a a lighter form worked. pr sed A Cumin: es pout to the: extensivo wg 
which | log ae surface p pe Te Meert eens the diffi- | left the Peruvian isles; or: on, Libig ‘had id that ® 
thatthe grent tilth. In this. way then, those reves unwed aber eee 
ae we majority. ‘Tidgelets or ~ ss my the plough in: turning over:| frequent repetition of” the en insta ; 
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