SEPTEMBER 5, 1857.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
a ~ — eee 
—— a week The , forage crops for their leaf, and the Turnip for its root ; Fey rene for maintaining the growth of all the plants 
| Sear ne tiesto ene president | and to a certain e ETENE ok ten of of. flourish on the ts sakno, has peaches aie 
: ing; and they view with great | turning the laws of n: ature to our uae but of the |cumscribed the bounds of the discussion within the 
for his TN They y ould also express | oee by which the living plant prepares for us our narrow limits of the capabilities which different plants 
their high appreciation of the motives which have in- | corn, 0 rass, and roots we know little; and therefore | have for drawing upon this inexhaustible supply. The 
fe ok their di } nt | r example, seem to indica’ 
iar 
: t | what me y 
the success which has already attended | the nan the mildew, are questions which all practical men ask, | supply of ammonia in the soil, but Turnips were not so 
operations. The only cause for regret in nnection | but the man who knows most about science is slow to much so. But no sooner had many parties given their 
with the exhibition of 1856 was the vettiaal of the | give a posi ae oe and the reason is the imperfec- | assent to these propositions, than some curious 
Midland Railway Company to carry stock and imple- a ath of our knowledge as to the food and growth of were tears upon their a ere The Lois-Weedon ex- 
$ am äi 3 
; | perim 
hope that the company mea y be induced to; “ For these two o reasons, then, the imperfect powers of results; for while Wheat ap to a great 
act to the tere icultural Society with the same seme rg imperfect knowledge of the laws of living measure sow rapt of an artificial — of 
liberality oe we is a by other companies to societies of “ne cannot at present reduce farming to the ammonia, Turnips seemed to be peculiarly dependent.” _ 
a similar charac ‘question of stig to plants what they take “What do the rina a pie eE prove? There- 
e ont of the ts are really interesting and curious, The Rot 
: One pe aia must suffice to give our readers an soils produce from 16 to 17 = of Wheat, year 
eviews, idea of the interesting style in which the pamphlet is | athar year, without manure of any kind; but the same 
wri :— only produce a few cwt. “or Turnips, year after 
Meat, Milk, and Wheat ; jae Blomestary Introduction| “What is Guano ?—There is hardly any fact i the | year, von no manure is added. The addition of super- 
to the Chemistry of Farming : to ota is aa a | history of Saa eia ‘which so impresses my ary with phosphate of lime, however, raises the produce of 
Review of the Questions at issue Lawes | the sense of an overruling Providence as the introduc- Turnips to about 8 tons an acre year after va, when 
and Baron Liebig. By Thomas Dyke beani, Esq. | tion of guano into this country at the time when they are supplied with this substance. On the other 
This pamphlet reprinted from Bay ee -r West = opposite classes were e sire struggle on = hand, ee of lime does not raise the produce 
land J i i 
h estion, how are the people she ithout: 
circulation Saar its present iloinen Hg ' riparoni tiller of the soil to live? For pter t guano is anything. "This 5 the foundation for the axim, “ phos- 
tached from the local Journal—will obtain for it. It | In the Smad cities of old co Siar "ike Bag we phorus for Turnips,’ and there is nothing more in it. 
ts in a ooh simple and very agreeable form the | annually consume an enormous amount of corn and But let my readers only bear two things in mind, 
results to od bea researches of late years into the | meat, of which nearly the whole of the silage and and all others will become st = fi a 
pee Ne of pra A age have led—and the conclu- phosphates pass off into the sewers, from which as yet to 17 bushels o nly be r 
sions which intelligent an impartial man has formed | the wit of man, not to mention the wit of Mechi, a third me of a fall p ; setond,: that 8 tons of 
g ut | ay be 
out of some of those experimental researches, It will | rivers, and thence to the ocean, there as it might seem crop, Neither of these raised 
be read all the more trastfally, for the cautious manner | to be hopelessly lost. But stay, consider how the sot = third, however oad superphosphate 1 m be added. 
in which it speaks of the benefit which the 5 fratii motion of the sea diffuses these elements all over the | When full crops are spoken of, or t, it would yo 
man may derive from science. Take the following para- | globe, how the great forests of seaweed, feedi ing on the the | irra ae ae to say nothing f for Wheat as to 
:— carbonic acid in solution —— up “pee ae m ap mam s pro Turnips. What ue the Lois- 
s not to sporio ‘00 much from Chemistry.— | dept how the fish feed on what floa n the whey ape ments apg ar have been regarded as 
ical questions which I believe many | and how the seafowl again, subsisting tic on the sea- the ‘ Eden of mystery ?’ Mr. Smith raises d mere the 
answered are these—Can I find by analys- | weed and aa on the fish and the animalcules attach- gatit f£ Wheat on an acre, oak after 
ing plants what food they want? and can I by analysing | ing to the deposit their droppings on rocks in a co Oe for the ri produce of the Tila Media e 
my soil find out in what it is deficient, and give my | rainless segion; #7 where aes manure being quickly dried Hanes is about 34 bushels, or about two-thirds of a full 
orders to my man i erments, and so a wonderful the ‘kind. usanii gen 
BEG 
HET 
wees 
A 
Aik 
to see senii e p winter from the oie an in 
rate farmers; or, at any rate, farming could | bring it into the market, but pmo I think guano has spring, ah a gy fall crops, e rte tons to the 
be reduced to the same simple rules as any other manu- | been the great practi tical schoolmaster of the English acre. His recipe, therefore, is nitrogen 1 phospha 
facture. Now, not to mention the vicissitude of seasons | farmer. Our illustrious countryman Sir H. Davy dis- for Turni prs nothing for Wh Wheat.” Mr. Russell in the 
a 
MAs e Quarter} rn , 
be conducted in the open air, there are two reasons of a | theory of ammonia of food to — buthis English History of Agriculture helt, or renee 
definite kind why the simple affirmative cannot be | lectures bore little “fruit till till we had the great gouge cultural victories which science has already achiev: 
given to the farmer’s questions above propounded. proof that a man ee draw into a 10-acre field in a from the past let us take hope for the future. Difficult 
“lst. The difficulty of detecting by chemical analysis single cart the essential ingredients of fertility ou he itis toas 
= soils nes causes of their fertility. 2dly. The imper- | could not not formerly obtain without a hundred journeys land 600 years ago, we may tar pe: te that the oan 
i tot f life i og 
processes of lift hi wegen. ee ary 
plants, or as to what is called the physiology of plants.| And as a last „o gis erg T of the work, the poe of Wheat in the year, and fren the equancy 
As to the first point, the analysis of soils, we know by | giving at hem me time table of Aarde of when the Å smk "a aa reduced to bread made of 
tice that when a soil is what we call exhausted, if | the first part of it, we edith the ee summary Poia, Vetches, and Fern roots, we may infer that the 
we roe n grow a crop without manure it A not | of conclusions to which the writer has been quantity raised w was hard diy a adequate to meet the neces- 
pay. We know also that the addition of say 3 cwt. of| ‘The analysis of es a taken isd itself, i is nota sities of a y dense populat on. For more than 
guano will in many cases e e difference be- | safe ide in the selection of manures.—p. 33. years eh a ctuations are observable; but as 
chemist ‘be habits of plan ts cite be studied ; = they actually centuries elapse, and pr extends, they become 
atio a the ‘rotating p. 41. less contin and ex 
n 
of the guano, it is very doubtful whether he would be| “The examination of the four-course rotation shows c of the bushel of Wheat was 16s.—three years 
ect its presence. For consider, an acre of | that where the green crops are are consumed on the farm it had been as low as 2s. n Det frenes vat ne 
the an 1,000", allowing each |7 the amount of in | market at in E BOME 
. of guano would con-| “An abundant restoration of minerals will not by | March, Snr, AT. ft wes biaa age Tater iE f hie 
tain ġa i per tack) a oes “30 Ibs, of ae r. the | itself secure the profitable growth of plants.—p. 44 err the harvest it reached 
d one n 300,000, or| “The mineral erei required to be ‘imported is w h 
amea cen of ammonia woul wnt oh be increased by | phosphorus—potash sometimes (lime and salt have | From these, and similar statistics, we are entitled to 
0:0003 by the $ special functions in ass gra cases).—pp. 35-46. conclude that the =a i 
“This small per cen is practically far too minute | “ Carbon is largely consumed—that is, not only turned | pant for the demand— 
for the most delicate m: analysis to estimate with | into meat, but burnt BBL aurea, aa ing; and, as | of au md mee 
certainty for practical e reasoning | there is no ages avai t must agra ely iii nitis 
ly com the 
m bon.. Cer: ve been 
stress on this point, agra T believe that er pionen oe “Nitrogen is dissipated by corn-crops and Grass; it | more than four millions of acres 
t men who desire to bring chemistry to n jis collected by Clover, scary and other 1 inous | waste, and converted into farms ; e com- 
Besig have formed ae ater ee eid off of soils plants; it is retained by root crops consumed on the | mencement of the present century, down to 1850, u 
which can only lead to disappoin’ farm; it is also collec ted by clay soils, when porous ; it wards of four million acres more have been 
“2dly. As a e E to rE: plan ae Any one who | is isepartož as ammonia in guano, as nitric acid in | including a large 
has examin modern n botany, such as | nitrates, in various combinations in feeding-stuffs. farming counties, 
be ma There 
us 
ious nimals; eme 
investigation which ra igs bestowed by men of the | through the animal i TA dung is in time changed | w awha now sheep feed o 
very highest abilities K hy a on every subject | into carbonic aci h has no appreciable money |in agg ate fields. In 
relating to the growth, ‘of plants. The scales of the | value, om seeiaetilly supplied from the air.—See | average product 
microscope of the botanist vie with note to pp. 19-21. | have been two millions 
me somal in ai the search into the wonderful} “Nitrogenous matters form flesh, and are only taken | 
f life ; stem iti uc 
ants 
‘ fi of the way in which they assimilate | i Seb has h money value, the supply 
it. Still more must we admit how little we bl bo inns re y 
and explain the circumstances which regulate aae the more meat is made on a erie the 
the development of each part of the lant; thé practical | more mer pinara oaia suitable conditions of soil | 
and ingenuity of the gardaiee ave out- | and climate, the more 
the eee which tries to a for his acts,| “The quicker the riai $ is made, the more pou 
80 it isin farming. We want different plants | as the less carbonaceous matter matter is wasted in propo 
ee ts odri exci foe thai. peg to the meat sold.” 
An acre contains 4840 square yards ; therefore’ the soil to ameter ae Th ace * 
_ Bh plo ney wil eee me more than 800 cubic Yards. scellaneous. August 35 À —This is Ae ir fourth “mn ore day, 
XAN ooon. of ea in an acto, aton, or say 2000 lbs., we have] Relations of Sere and Lois Weedon.—|%4 alt and, altho ah tha were mely warm sy aed 
: S ees depth “ Liebig’s memorable discovery that ammonia, or | ps aso night, and easterly wind through h the d ay. The © 
Sethe dhas, in the Royal Ag. Jour., vol. xii, z 3, | nitric acid, is contented in the atmosphere in sufficient ve ripened with wonderful celerity, and now the whole 
