Sepremper 19, 1857.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 651 
rnin 
ee Te datas to this GEE | eT en mm 
fertility, and as ridge the constitu- | Now, oe = oasia Mr. Clutterbuck may | have i for 
BOR We Sp viv it more as a question of expe. 
of necessity. Our corn must oli ata 
owing to 
tion of the so This is the first of the points | this convic 
ng g disension tho others will occupy our | im support of it ‘ait tle n aware of are the two months’ 
end’ s Ae gem cannot get sufficient hands to 
on em hereafte blished experiments vr Hinxworth. "These views may 
rated in the followi - manner. us suppose 
lindrical vessels, 4 feet deep, as representing ‘the 
Let 
See tis eee VEE ge "Foy 
LYNE, HINXWORTH, AND KEYTHORPE. column of earth over our drains cylinders 
No. II. | be filled withthe following material s-coarse > grave! the 
Frox the consideration of the Hinxworth piye eT i, agate = pres ko marbles, finer gravel, coarsesand, fine 
and the esate nye e in point of economy which it | sand, a of sand and cla a cnet ree an 
exbibits hoe act with the Seilaja at Liye, I a. —e stiff cl ny Foor er rt more of dry- 
ceed uss the “ LenghineP rere tables ess in the fields, the d no so dry t at its yain 
It may thd se as well to commence with a brief ae tee peti moisture for a tint on d the clay sufficiently wet 
of the letter in which Mr. Clutterbuck calls for fart to cause it to adhere to the side of the cylinder, and pre- 
discussi i i te i 
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ion. It co with some gen 7 ser on it. 
in which we must all concur, on the necessity of drain- | Let 2 or 3 inches of water be poured on the top 
our heavy lands and the importance of discarding | of these different kinds of soil. At the bottom 
i j t there 
e 
helper aber sn that T shat rote Sie the ditat partially filled with water, according to the hypothesis 
with the honours of war if I decline oe discus- | of Mr. Clutterbuck, in order to make it sit close to the 
sion. poi I have my last | side -i wy coer Now pour water on the sand, cla; 
ene all the remarks I deem or. my: t as many inches of rain as you 
A passage is then q y letter published pew: by Pais hy pothesis w amer ought to be first dis- 
-in your Journal of March 8. I ive ae passage quoted | charged fro from the clay, because the interstices be — 
in extenso, adding in italics some words omitted in the its satticlie k are partially filed i with water. It ought tc 
—_ The is as follows :—“I have not | be the longest in appearing at the bottom of the vessel | 
htes with g vac 
ores he © 
require much stronger evidence than that furnished by | take place at the bottom of the vessel. r 
the two months of published experiments at Hinxworth. saftclont doubt what the result would be to induce ren Ea 
know at least thre i make o difference | 
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og ers will, on an average, cut, bind, and stook 
acres in the day. To perform the same 
etg with the sickle 18 peop ple will be ar ps with 
= jag ee = 12, and with the reapi 
+ ese people are distributed in hore 
een man 
or gathering, 
&c. 
Men cutting 
Wow at M, hina 
ree oa a De as e | 
Hainaut scythe 3 a8 
eaping-machine 8 
(Sach then, w tha kde ny ta Kinds of 
| requi cut, gather, bind, and stook 4} î 
met iremen Barley, or Oats, on an average, |- 
ing ese different methods. We have not included 
t the as 
o | one is always held wipe toy en by those who use it. 
versace tn Bice d be used after the crop was. 
tho ypa Viere the others had been ised. 
thout, acceptin u sanc 
ing conclusion that water runs more rapidly through a | filling these jars and the column of retentive and porous 
-retentive than through a porous soil.” soils above our drains. Does Mr. em pan -T 
I e ah ssion of the words in italics | that under these conditions water w its 
from ow quotation was unintentional; the omission | appearance sooner at the —_ of the anthers of thej jar 
ot very materially affect the se nse, though it | containing the clay than at the of those co 
ther obscure for | taining 
ment we ese ditions, water a’ gerre at the of 
Hinxworth to be sufficiently homogeneous to satisfy the | the clay jar omen than at the bottom a the gravel jar 
most fastidious, and to be so close in texture as not to | I will no long inst facts—I will accept the 
be permeable by water in the ordinary sense, of the Hinxworth h vangs thesis. 
term. If so, I might ask in what sense is it perffeable ? e facts are cited by Mr. Clutterbuck at the close | 
But the point to which I would particularly draw at- | of hie | letter as confirming his ‘theory t that under certain 
tention is that in this passage the writer appears to fall | conditions water will pass more Pacers | through the 
into an error which has been much too “se ams in our of a retentive than through those of a porous soil. 
opera’ ev he 
as the basis of his —— ment, and T contend that hat hitherto ‘conclusion. It appears that after the late rains, and | often seen 
pea: 
we have drained too much upon assumptions of one | almost simultaneously with them, =~ if hack from the 
l 
kind or other, some of which I will point out hereafter. | fields under fallow and green crop, at! Q which had been © 
I consider that landowners and farmers have hitherto | more or less ly cultivated, began to run, while | 
paid rather dearly for those assumptions. Clays are ons Gent the amma land of similar co ition 
often assumed to mogeneous when they are not ; | under cereal crops were dry. Now in aa the deep 
and, on the other wd to be permeable by water when moors which the “fallow and the Turnip grounds 
impermea ed separated t rticles, and even if 
I was not “ms rit back over an estate with a rey were clay soils of the densest quality causec them 
eer of some debabrity; situated on cla s a oh porous soils, ey would continue to 
which he mami be to be homogeneous, but in which t porous soils till there had been sufficient rain 
guutledd goälogicak eye at once detected thin alter- to "dissolve the particles formed by cultivation and r run 
hi ble water a homogeneous mass. The landa under 
y 
Again, I have seen clays perfe in | on the contrary, which had not received this deep cultiva 
sti ene one 
as 
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were inclined, both seams and partings | 
earriers of water from 
from which it zon be 
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Me 
mee s 
certain limi A emai 
of the strata. On the other, I ings than an assumption of the ter permea- 
tice a wine was perfectly impenetrable By | wen posed of retentive than of porous soils. J. Trimmer. 
covered “warp d 
more porous or “ brick earth clay ” to the depth ih of tetle 
2 feet 6 inches. At this depth only did | 
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THE SICKLE, THE SCYTHE, THE REAPING 
HINE. 
tthe harvest ; 
required for the the management of it, we have allowed one 
for the 4} ae The Hainault scythe being used by 
women and ous in Belgium, we have made our calcu- 
lations cn ny = Oe women cutting, and one 
farm work, a nd mostly 
at the scythe, binding, or leading-in. Though there are 
vere 
assumed ty to harvest, when a 
set of conditions made on that market. if a as prn osan happens, the lan 
a and under another are not; while, on the other oon E A ready for cutting teat the a am So Aini y 
nd, certain clays (belonging to one geological forma- |t t the por Mean it will be im to fin 
tion) may aibad A ity and not ious hands to carry on harvest the risk that by 
another. ee a reper oa pe § Be be ine t 
on is, that in draining anything, is therefore incumbent on us to look the difficulty in the 
bub matst be guided by E, carchib choureulion of theatres a atay u anm ae some means by which we can 
ture of the soils and subsoils to be d drained in each mitigate the evil. 
parti So lon long as a bounty is given by the Emigration Com - | all our 
" Mr. Clutterbuck continues rr, ere nine missioners, we cannot expect the efflux of our popula- } 
months I have the the tion to the colonies to cease; nor can we by any means | ahose 
outlets at Hinx worth ; my con the water increase it during t ‘and critical | during harvest, 
does perci CF Dnieper rere ee est. We must try | be a; 
over it to the 4 fect drains. I believe, moreover, that f agrare number of | reaping 
conditions water is —_ kee and this can be done only by the aid of machinery. | 
rain from heavy rei which always In making a comparison between cutting grain by the | conelusi 
than from moro Ini of regardi machine, we have been in the | 
