SEPTEMBER 26, 1857.| 
made t 
Veena pongo to drain off 
“ings having been 
en 3 s will invariably 
ter, a series of depres 
wa 
ziria their surface, though nen irci to the | Nymphæas, Potamogetons, s, &c. 
when looking over the aire level expanse of great sith resting on the Botta, << sometim 
Ta waste they for It is only wh enters on | nearly as solid as coal, results from age and ¢ expatica 
them this is found out, by sinking deeper and perceiving | and may have been fo rmed b the» same plants as the 
the whole surface hake for many yards aroun n | red Og. By far the orad portion of black or turbary 
covered over with vegetation the soft parts are called o have accumulated on the sites af ancient 
fows or quagimires, but those depressions ig Sarin forests, Which either Srp over large os ome of Ae 
consist of a series of deep bse holes, w ire are pro untry, or grit along the ieri alt 
pably for the most part rem ining portions of tge |'e evident from he number er roots and ents apy tie 
Jakes yet in process O ‘fil in fie Mi Segre eed ti 
debris. These quagmires may, and no doubt often d It is the most valuable for fuel, owing to the 1 i 
result from springs, uently occur a seals oe ie of woody matter it contains, and varie 
the culminating poin depth from 3 ha 20 feet or more. The plants which 
“Taking those dows iat partially filled up water holes | are now ar to have 
into consideration, with the elevated surrounding dis- 
tricts which genera lly prevail in the emt of 
bogs, the seine that h as been e 
natural 
very wet coy at the pr 
time. The plants which 
chiefly en mposition 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
position of such floating plants as e now ees) 
matter to fill up the water nese on flow bogs, 
Cha That fats at 
on the surface and a 
been those wich formed 
matter the mass cons 
effusus, Juncus conglomeratus, June orus 
Juncus uliginosus, Eriopho vaginatum, Molin 
rulea, Aira cespitosa, and Pteris aquilin Thes 
bined constit the she and fi Bonne 
whilst the bog Mosses Sphagnuth cymbiforme, Sphag- 
S 
num squarrosum, Polytricl chum commune, with seve eral 
the of red bog m 
S he divided. into two s ections, namely, = re 
o; 
ssifragum, Eleocharis cæspi- 
prn mus nigricans, Erica 
Narthee 
stellulata, 
d Myrica gale, may be said to 
are 
h fill up the interstices, on: vi 
become decomposed along with the phanerdgamic plan 
already enumerated. On the marshy parts of th 
Menyanthes met tage orate 
tifolium 
eir annual 
th oe er th 
ructible fro 
thi 
rear is soon form 
of the other species. In this way 
y | consolidates into tu d pidii 
the 
tim matale y A 
mar 
m | acco: 
nt Hi of plants eek to fill up the deep ert 
pii roo 
A differe 
water holes and lakes. 
n natans, Potam oe alko 
= Ss pte yri irme Hea spicatum, and 
phy erticillatum are the species which hy ost 
in these aie, ar and ey atl vegetable matter by the 
Het their s aves, on which the roots of b 
T to ‘elevate themselves | 
the surface, and prepare for the gro 
Comarum, &c. The accumulati 
alba, Nuphar lutea, 
emey and Mai 
eir stems 
cal 
Along the ns grow species which fill in by their 
creping rhin n adatoms “Typ ifolia, ee nium | 
a, an um inun- 
prevailing kinds on ihe baie: | 
Phalaris arundinacea, Scirp 
| aga Tris iaoei, aiā’ 
grow m serie! on the es of 
and wherever there { is slow running wa 
and Cenoniyes uncialis form the ene part of the soft tio 
spongy portion, which retains ee rs oes 
rf. few f Grass 
grow on t 
Holous g penn lanatus. 
var 0 whi in such 
n „this kind o ist of S Scotch Fir, 
(Corylus 
ear 
y rest on sev 
itty wit this ki id Djo 
à flexuosa Agrostis alba, Triodia | D 
' roots gene 
heat 
us 
vege table i hating ed place before ae 
Yap ry on Ju from the ey and tru 
und, the ruby appear to have grown 
ice y natural decay, or probably ‘> 
sae he fire, i A: 3 ll and became cove 
e gradual growth of the A until sufficient 
d for seedling plants growing over 
In this way the Pines appear to have 
died out, and to have been ls by younger plants, 
g as the bog increased in growth up 
ne there still Deing a few surviving t 
ent stock growing on the Earl of Ars’ 
of prer 
= 
ee, ie’ 
torms, some 
frequently surer abo 
persons ro aed have been distinct hd 
successive A pi koni forests, some of which con- 
eh Soe y of sina of trees in found now in Ireland, 
my investigations have gone, I have 
Pinus Mughus, le castles: 
M. De g Coit en late 
Botanique,” te t those w 
0 
uoted by 
phie 
aden with the 
Scotch 
are best 
| varied a site oun cones of the common 
a “cl th grow rees in ‘the same forest, | 
contiguous trees 
athe ming: nt noticed as only very slight | 
piti of Pin af det il ving formed part of 
| timber found in 
Pelosi t 
form 
than the time of the glacial epoch of geologists, ex 
ing em bly that or Lough Neagh, A it Te te v 
to state w a the 
y | near 
: tive osian m 
enter into m the fein n of this var a 
milins and eskars w 
A variety of comp 
act black bog is to be found at a 
c | ao level a a any a the former kinds menti 
he slopes 
oned. 
18 covers 
Errar of a milion of more than 
acres, 
of theriver Shannon. | 
the nature and extent of the pe pe ay 
ums nen 
5 western counties, all of sin n ade the Soa 
ws the Heath and of Rosk J ak p rep 
have eigen formed on sites of small lakes, which | 
ungermannia 
Eoo VE AE, is 
e been y 0 
tunities = oe them, suc oh as i tow men have 
o far as not | plunderin 
perceived anything that could warrant arid a boeichtitl | we ae aa the eae eet mache a jave 
me 
best kinds of peat earth for horticultural purposes are 
found, particularly on sandstone foinatinng where the 
déb; the roc gely ition. 
es | The plants which generally prevail on this kind of bog 
are Calluna vulgaris, Brie cinerea, Empetrum nigrum, 
Vaccinium Myrtillus nium Vitis idea, Andromeda 
polifolia (the latter i in Connem a oey Aira eg 
Potentilla tormentilla, with Titian 
Hypnum Sch ri, intti "Tannginosum pen 
Saas rangiferi ined i tate ot 
na, which 
decom 
The last variety 
specify may be truly , 
of our highest 
on and near the mits o e 
pa gr y especially those which are wpe in the 
ies, and t o 
Wicklow, which Peach elevations” stots the i, vary- 
ne N om feet and upwards. The tops of 
e higher bedi A in he hatha and western 
a drier aga and produce only a 
oduc 
in the county Mayo, Car- 
m, the Galtees and Knock- 
mieldown rangs i in n the county Mey cms T 
m 
= 
© 
The depth of this n bog varies from 
12 rah or Nad as menti ache a Colonel “Portlock in 
ee 
of Ordnance Survey of County rapeseed 
fan the =i yb of the bog on Knocklayd, eleva 
1685 feet, which I meni or 
Sawel mountain, i in county 
bog to i m 
and fibrous, and at 
and very fated “alghough the plants which fem it are few 
do not enter so largely into the mass as they do | haima 
down, and their p 
e grey Moss, Racomitrium lanuginosum and tama te 
erina, which together make 43 nearly one-half of 
rangife 
f of a considerable deposit | the whole. Eriophorum nals; and I 
Carpe hs os Phan 
whi ch is alwa 
the case. 
Such are the at a 
near rth the plan 
I have been able to 
during 25 years, partly whilst in connection 
Aon ag hy Otahon surv urvey of Ireland, and pact w 
executing some of the duties of my present office. 
TRADE MEMORANT DA. 
of a man, lately about Liverpool, who is 
ig ths nurserymen and florista i in all ore 
a 
it Lane, 
BEWAR 
Ashcroft, of Thor 
r- Babington that the late Professor | a Derby, iiv rei bod, can give information pe ak: hin. 
ees bogs t 
i ome Gorrespondence. i 
Fopap ies all of bax 
É tne sil 5 moist 
