C66 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [SEPTEMBER 26, 1857, 
perceptible ‘degree; but as scon as the external, of the conclusions rather than to teach hint to draw | , taining a nia or sou p OF ama 
layers have become cooled down to the o iamma f Sm nclusions for himself; and farther I aed premise 
re ce of the air its escape is arrested. | th 
There can, therefore, be not the alight doubt | 
that a = very minute quantity of am Pe, passes | 
a a heap is kept in such a manner 
remove from it much of the iea 
phare p with ‘tiem tiaina salts.’ 
fixing ammonia H Rent ard manure; anc 
his recent paper on the subject in the Baglin 
Agricultural Society’s s Jou rnal le refers to ae 
use of Mr. M‘DouGa1r’s adivthteotting powder 
terms altogether ey of its uses in this | 
way. 
e says: 
‘€ This powder possesses, indeed, excellent disin- 
is fixe e heap, | jee 
tter, hi ich a organi 
matter, which serves asas AE C 
at at present L refer o only to improved bre such as | most essential elements dy aiaa ure ar saa si Me The 
p 
short-horns, Herefords, Devons, and others oan receive | and carbonaceous matters; for ee latter 
jo special attention of the breeder and feeder. In | solve nt, carbonic acid, for the phosphates both of ~ 
ret! ga lrA breeds a different standard wre a of the soil; and if this sol 
d be n is however is: of no‘ importance | and the soil or manure supply also ph : 
in the presen oat i ing ny and’ sulphates, e air will furnish amen ees alkalies, 
The classes in ich age is a “apt of restriction | time be given. This has been practically Pae e- 
arè“ not exceeding t tas years,” and “not exceeding three |.on a large scale by Liebig; who, by manuring a barre 
ae 3°? Beyond this‘it is justly poles dhe that age is a'| and worthless soil with phosphates, alkalies, Silica, and 
|m pgr of no particular importance. In the pp class'| sulphates alone, obtained excellent results with wood 
nd animals at e age o -s nine months, onè year, and other perennial crops; but found the result lesg 
s 
15, 20, and e 23 months: Du St pe arias sind favourable with cereals and other amnual crops, which 
eer teeth i z font of thie moat are tid ually suffering | require a bes supply of siHiokpilati ina short time, 
growth of the jaw show spaces} He next added to the mineral manure sawdust, to yield 
and the 
Liebe en ey ‘but the wear a so much on the carbonic acid, and now he obtained excellent results 
p> nd of food consumed, no very e move ae opinion can be | even for annual crops, although no ammonia was added, 
rt , fortunately" however the back teeth are avail- | and the atmosphere ee all the nitrogen, But itis 
spen able a e when incisors are unsatisfactor At | certain that when the supply of phosphates js ranjd. 
fecting properties; and had the inventor confined five or six athe the fourth asia ooth is in i it was here from the so athens preter of “the dou ata 
his remarks Sain the sanitary question involved in at nine or 10 months it is well worn and. level, while at a the air can supply any amount of ammonia, which 
the use of his pow wile rT, no room oe at pm about one year and a nee os fifth back to eat not be assimilated without abundance of phosphates, 
left to call in w question its utility as sinfectant. | sents inet bred quite a ye one year and six m Tai The. fur bat addition of ammonia to the e mineral manure 
But as he deseribes, in addition to its “disinfecting from this time to two years, we judge by the shedding and sawdust brought it to the state of firm yard 
spel otlier which Ihave not found co nfirm ed | of the centre milk am ink the cutting of the two first | manure, and then the same result’ is obtained in a still 
one ws to which some 
. M‘DouGAL1’s statements may have given rise.” 
Dr. VOELCKER quotes Mr. M‘Dovcatt’s pamphlet 
“ On the Preservation of the Natural Manures,” 
which states the claim of the inventor of this 
postanse om the “perfect” theory he has formed 
of its action, and he declares that in point of fact 
‘preservation of manure is not effected by its 
series of experime re performed to 
mine tHo merits of the “Fisihtocting powder as 
compared with a mixture of gas lime and gas tar 
a 
o 
animal smell; but the escape of ammonia was pr 
renset portis is ani to 
fix any mt n dung. 
2. That dea dorising effects are not due to 
the sulphite dr magnesia or sulphite of lime, butto 
‘alkaline constituents which it contains. 
“3. That, instead of fixing avin. it libe- 
rates, like all alkaline matters, ammonia from its 
. VOELCKER adds: 
a Tti is well: known, hewers that animal exere- 
a — 
matters, when deodorised by lime, after commences 
eeable 
time give off again ai di lisagr eodo our; and 
broad teeth. These organs I have seen in fit eases | shorter tir ime—a point of much importance in temperate 
stated to Ba a little c over one year; in one the condition | or cold climates. Of course, to eta er, as in this experi 
of the fifth molar tooth flatly iin = tbe a8 ment, barren soil fertile, is an expensive pee em 
in the other the evidence was inte the jeepa $ adding to it so great an amount 
means satisfactory. Ihave not found jie ined toak mineral r But wherever æ sufficient q 
in the mouth at all until after one year and six months; | can be added t >s it, ss raising the cost/of theim- 
One tooth may be up at that time, but more co nikoi proved barren soil to or above that of fertile soil, then, 
they both pass forward together about one year and | by the judicious cropping and manuring of the improved 
nine months niket full development indicates two pets land, its artificial ay nag ger of a soil originally 
The test pone is ~ ixth back tooth, which passes fertile, ‘er be kept up from its own producte, aided by 
into the mouth at o aryant and: nine months, se is | the action of the weather, mr if coontitiealty gail 
y 0 ae! borer fo Be ager Sacre any erron bg Flee 
conclusions drawn’ from a premature appearance of t the Farm-yard manure, solid and liquid together, is the 
broad teeth. In nae! first pa therefore we are tolerably | standard or model manure, at iio object of all artificial 
well off for eviden An animal whose af was incor- | manures is, in part or in whole, to imitate or replace it, 
Th farm-yard 
ate stated woul stand a ene chance of escape. e best sources of phosphates, next to 
r this point 
t I venture to correct a wron manure, are bone-dust and guano. Bone-dust is com 
“i ion that is = to the effec t that an fn rinata is | posed of’ phosphates and gelatine. Guano is'the decay- 
not disquali Mri msequence of’ misrepr eee on, so | ing residue of the excrements of sea-fowl fed on fish, and 
png as the a, ibe. zót exceed the limit. The attempt ats A ote peri and salts of ammonia, with some 
to pass any a neal for younger than he ac camels is atj carbonaceous matter. It i A Se that both resemble 
the time would generally be held sufficient to justify Seems -yar onegai anure, more and that both are 
is rejection, althotisl under Big limited period. In| deduced, like it, from ia 5 rogeial food of animals ; 
the class “ under three years” we have all ages between | for the fish ¢ onsumed b awia other fish, 
two years and ee aek ing this' time the other | which fed o male om ent 
six teeth are freque Judging from the in- | Another able s source of É incre istint of beds of 
dios teetti al erom we “should te e likely to consider such pa —_ e of lime, derived fro animals, ‘There 
n instance expressive of three years and six Pah bode of vast os stip inaire om 
months; but diaba of error is avoided. by reference bund near the Rhine, and in Canada; and beds more 
to the three anterior molar teeth, which are changed | or less entirely co cpt of coprolites, the fossil exere- 
during the third year: rian 2% years’ the’ change | m ments of fish and reptiles, fed on other animals, are 
—one or two teeth may be out ; by 2} years | abundant in En at as well as im other na 
usually two 5 ute three permanents are in the mouth ; | These may be called fossil eee and only differ fn 
n 
ii 
ASUSU GN a su 
itis itis very kely t that sulphite of 
Da of lime, Se 
on aceount of their gr seam 
ir dadon mpositio of anitnal nia tans deed 
by line: Considered i in a purely sa 
view, M‘ 
sanitary point o 
s powder may th get ora 
infec 
tant. | in my pamphlet on the teeth of the ox; but at presen 
can only be of powder « the employment: of so large des 
a area of powder as to render the process 
— gather | from them that, however valuable in 
tof view, the powder in question 
sont. likely to be of much value in the farm- Oe: 
in the tank, or in the dung heap. 
ia : 
and the absence of any exact knowledge on the 
of the objectors r ex ro of doatefal 
Piva ae 
utility. As an investigator of th ae fip. the 
st 7 years T should | the last m deny the effects of 
ding f ABe ieo | soll ‘ 
an opinion, I 
that th ity of ‘exhibitors belly Honest 
e majority of exhibi are perfe est in 
| their statem er tu 
al | exceptional cases of mis- Thiesi we devia tea 
‘who would attempt thei l certainl, 
was first {no 
for sale—it is right that: we should also publish 
a a, VoELCKER’S trials of it | mu 
i Beye contain the phosphates pa alkalies in the propor- 
i Ne ind athe justice 
ear three y they are all cut, but never level | recent guano in having lost their en and carbo 
before th he completion of ia ains begs by and never worn until | All these are extremely valuable an we 
or three months n the second ae there-| But we must never sot a that the ba a “best 
i en wh all manures: 
A 
fore, u economical of ore 
rised| the incisor teeth are exe rood ngly for F stil less is the same thing, the night-soil and urine of i 
f chance when pea organs follow the pare of F darela: p In large cities; the amount of this 
t. Th Th ly described places, I ti fact; ob 
men ese changes ave more pes dese matter is prodigious; it re sro , im fact, as : 
t pa Š od of the inhabitants; at 
enough has been explained to justify tes system of ex- | yet, from ignorance or carelessness, the F 
amination, and show the impropriety of allowing an ny i i which 
i nce to set aside an opinion 
tuj 
> 
= 
=z 
5 
ot 
© 
ih 
et 
ee 
= 
= 
o 
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S 
de 
Bisina eee are With the question of at: 
ted fraud, how ee or by what evidence’ sup- 
tees I have little to do: It 
ti ents; examination’ proves this.’ In’ the | from our habitati 
o onl is 
ch they are at.the mercy of the cattle man. who may ‘of whit we pra teoei away: In 
jder it a very meritorious and sporting thing to do | no nation will rere to sell bone-dust, jè 
the examiners and judges by passing off an older | which will render niajn impossible; and wo mu 
animal, they would. be careful even in asserting what A eo we ow the Chinese, Nie’ ie ; 
in 
mony. ‘ge T. Brown, S ner 
w 
of Veterinary Sur- 
ITY, oat “Agricultural College more of 
ROR THEORY OF Mantes! 
ORDINARY soils are og vier poor, and hence 
SE aecessty for manure, that is, for restoring to the 
removed = the crop, Se meme al 
phone E aa alkalies, the G 
xorota of animala; soli solid and lia ii, ein | 
best manure; 
because | 
with 
and in the proper forms, 
to the third’ed 
