820 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[DEceMprr 5, 1857) 
out; that is to say, of the aude par effects of 
spawn (mycelium) oe TO In all 
ungus a 
those cases the death of plants o bs 
of thei r lim 
was mene traceable to on —— “of subterranean | 
parasitical fun: now another, more 
‘tell ig, and still more kotce. case, whic 
has also come under our personal knowle 
year 1856 a young pla 
Te e Abies Kæmpferi, obtained from the nur- 
Mr. GLENDINNING, wa chaser nted in a damp 
owth. 
p d a 
rather shaded, it was resolved to remove it to a 
and sunny 
hy, the roots are m 
was, sure enough. Cobwe 
he ground and hangi 
more. 
ge. t 
nt of the rare and |i 
ce where some |i 
to t 
nd damp and e 
or immersed in wa 
firmation by TULAsSNE of the notion = tee on 
we believe, BY ni elder poa these 
plants are moncecious, an éstei niy since 
pn discoveries of their sin ike Denit. there 
ark of evidence in favour of their identity. 
s, are 
paa 
sof gl 
du sev 
are > esenti al y reprodu 
wn by botanists under the n 
to a 
2 
ro 
found in the erfeet state of the Æcidium. 
organs, spermagones, 
organs or misye re resentativ ves, have bee 
e 
the young parts of plants. ases they | been found in that pafi s veral species, 
had fortes a bien felt, which quite oonicealed the | moreover, besides the perfect two-celled spons. J 
surface; and here and there the ere en- | there are one-celled spores which accompany them, | 
compassed by inai white cables of spawn made up | capable like the others of eT and referred 
of myriads of microscopic threads, and forming formerly to the genu 
what had been visible to the naked eye. Inshort| Tt is clear, then, that thé "Leiaium and Puccinia 
the roots of Abies Kempferi were locked in the| alike are 3l mere 
spay unseen and 
no prudence or skill in the actuai state of kno 
ledge could have prevented.. that there 
is a most dangerous in the soil ever read 
to seize upon ing whose vitality is not high 
enough to resist it ; mea that garden ground long 
cropped, or in which old roots have been allowed 
to moulder, is most res 
ael insanam foe; so that gardeners must k 
sharp look out underground as ol as pheaca 
if hoy are not to become his vict 
the of the Abies Kempf feri, whose 
Raancty state i is here described, it was hard to 
know how At firs 
ae spite of all that has been said at various times | obse 
eaaa oe e any connection between WHEAT 
cos E Common BERBERRY, the notion 
that they hh iivaa arelation to each other as cause and 
dl and Puccinia, as there is no 
prec 
of oe who 
| see tha’ 
in themselves, and not m 
H 
modifications of each other. Had the parasite on 
an 
the Berberry leaves been an Uredo instead of a 
Æcidium there some ground for | 
their spores. e botanical part of the question 
may, therefore, Be considered as fairly Set of. 
As regards other considerations, it may be true that 
W y mildewed in the n neighbour- 
hood o bushes, büt i it is equally true t 
in aen rami odthe Wheat is often perfecti, 
clea he occurrence of mildew is merely acci- 
hostel. and cases are on record where many yards of 
Berberry hedge have been destroyed, but in spite 
of their destruction the crops have been as subject | 
o mildew as ever. ed the Berberry in many 
parts o ape is extremely rare, and tho 
districts where unds are precisely those | 
where mildew is Ihot irairelent 
It peana only to ask whether the Berberry | 
bush, 
icant or excretion from oe 
effect on Wheat that it is i i 
answer, decidedly not. It may be teas that the 
Berberry like many other trees may injure re Wheat, | 
causing it to bs meagre and less prom than in 
remote parts of the field, Dut then lux 
is far more eop to mildew than ‘that. which j is 
ber a an | 
mh an prg scattered, and though good 
rvers have noticed Wheat ia the neighbour- 
hood of Berberr gate to be m mildewed than 
in other ce of the field, rA inp equally good Ma 
made ide contrary observations, 
e willing to be marane, wili 
re 
them ; they have taken their part, 
the fact that the Berberry, like Wheat, is subject | moved only course with su rsons 
the attacks of a ith rust- | leave them in their unbelief. It is quite untleas 
coloured spores, g more or less in certain | do otherwise, for r they are sure after the Anges 
stages of growth to orange. I moreover, most con č ar d E return to 
n further confirmed by a confusion between the | their old alist, i piel er th Soromon’s 
white mildew of the Berberry and the ners oe proverb : ‘Though uat “shouldest bray a 
_ of the Wheat, though they resem am Whea a pestle, yet will 
nothing save name. . So ae as the history of ‘he ms his foolishness de Agee hoon me The w 
Wheat and Ber rust was im matter is that = ta suffer from his 
might be some rational ground frou rom the nator | 
which Fun. Beier in differen: 
, and the variou 
tities coe 
phases under which Se . 
ance, and are denounced, like 
one sponden “a has his 
ore us, as pests of society, | 
ely | they will will: rota eta in accordano i 
= our filly. M 
Son h 
filed ee w RH gt 2 Sey of tiair ims le a ej 
f | mou ld, and when a fine P eaten or san 
the pips should “immediately be planted 4 
out ch de 
r- 
| raised = kno own ; for this 
ic 
an 
totally, ‘distinct from the aaa spores which are K 
E 
“4 & 
Q 
pa 
| 
consequence of ae emanation from its usefu 
| 
| 
| 
| 
eat 
HOW TO RAISE SEEDLING ph, © 
Now is the time to ji PEARS, na 
igas. 9 new mig 
A piece of int 
HE 
The pots iar f 
March or Apri the young plants 
appearance, e wire covers may then 
as soon as oun 
se E B 
-< mae Ha 
Fipe 
oA te grafted on strong eki on 
bearing trees, and i 
| result, that is, club-roots, with 
from 
The ra 
| more 
0 new afty 
mi a Be it is most interesting 
the evelopment m pear ge in, seedlings a An I vee 
earnes aising of them, in the 
vaan y rey o directed ki y thos of your eae Foe 
ening lovers., Disap- 
ahii ent m 
PORIDATS Hey which was as large as 
d gar en Tip a 
ed it with intense 
d watch 
matters never flags. 
O sae O A Rta 
plein i sic A 
many DOG-ROSE STOCKS—AND SOMETHING sor 
se CATERPI i 
My experience as a Rose 
n be desired, in ot sige een aT pe 
in others it rip bwin isappoin z 
standards. Now, first with regard to ‘Mitchell, 
‘deal with many nurserymen—Paul, Rivers chow that 
‘Lane, Wood, and Fraser, which I ines wi ith the ame 
from all these different localities I m fine st 
ar 
ing 
that any failure can occur 
' Tf upon such 
t owing sorts h 
Nae p an sabiy, and in this case, if t 
bese latt es I ma on on digging thon 
end of of the stock i is ties fend suckers 
healthy 
from = this t 
and n 
st 
because | 
with Tiig par | be something 
lon 
