§28 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [Decruse 
George Manglen, Givendale, Ripon ‘Smeg 3l., Mr. James , ‘dividuals, varying œ from two to 12 in number, of a lar arger } to ascertain the mode of admi 
? ission 
Jo “Clase XXXV ma n, Brownsover, Warwicks size Aake some with male, others with female organs | which act an analogous part in the of ian a 
th of the 
igs of a large yy set —Five Pigs, < Mr aA of generati e parents o eneral mass. From | The constitution of these animals ; 4 es 1 
Smith, Henley-in-Arden, Warwickshire; 5l, “sir F. L. Hel) w hence, t lei do these er ce proceed which give | the necessities of the case, The eggs reeisely sie 
Goodric ro remarkable elas o Me Wi ia How Sova birth to ine oia ? They cannot be de cae orod like so | were not perishable, would be difficult of inti if they 
r. Willia $ ti ; > H à 
BE Peed eg" Siete yar |e ee mr DT aa ar in he wall or aa | but as thay ae gle unt for hating MARA 
W: sq., Ham Hill, ne: orcester; Mr. | has — pg pe by many ee wal y are from the first ; 
Henry H John Breach, Scoti, a s s Hotel, i Birmingham Mr. eah a the grain by t the vessels T the =, nor fe aate i is effected by the larvæ which pame 
PETEA by Boie i preed. Dii ve Pigs of one litter, | again ey originate spontan s these | suspended animation, its slow resumption 
the 
kton. Z and not BP hele ove 6 months old.—10l., his Royal questions which our author EANO ars W E aio in condition, their activity when reanimated, maa 
Highness the Prince Consort ; 5l., Mr. Samuel Wiley, Brandsby, | their solution he was miia ne to hope ‘that he | capability of again apparently losing their yj 
near York ; and silver op Oe o the Hon. Big aged Pennant, might be able to find a fittin continued drought, are peculiarly cae lated wy inder 
Park, Wigton: Mr. Samuel Wiley, Brandsby, near York: Mr. mit ee therefore, pe Mo eh 4 the subject, they are in themselves, to pass through the scale 
George Mangles, Givendale, a ges ab Mr. George Garne, | wh ich is less suited to urpose, ceed to give | which must elapse between their first introduction į 
‘Churchill Heath, eane Nort | the obe d which Dr. Dian Atta apoi this im- | the intervals of the pia ep: ~ first formation oti 
ZES FOR ROOTS. | portant and interesting part of his subject. hate e. Thedoctrine of sponta: us generation vie 
in ver © i Aex icle of plate, of the value | « Tt has been ates d that the Vibrios which occur i nce was arroga nO appropriated by i 
, of ten fam (Th is offered by Worship the Mayor o °f such numbers in the Wheat affected with Ear rag sophers, falsely so called, as the pe chliar mai 
four following v: es, namely :—Lon Mangel Wurzel, Globe arrived ata state of maturity have no sexual organs, | rior minds, is now n R from beneath our Lael 
Mangel Wurzel, Swedes and Carrots ; six roots of each to be | and are in cousequence incapable of reproduction. The | surely every day, and we may hope that in a short time 
shown.—The silve r cup, Richard en nyon, Esq., Englefield | yocearches of Ro ffredi, Fontana, and Bauer have shown | those mysteries which still involve the 
Glass Ti 2 Waara Wired —9l. 9s., Mr. Charles Pratt, | that these asexual Vibrios a arise from individuals pro- He rah parasites will receive a clear and -simple 
fs Aaa el wo getar E e AA Mr. A. H. Johnson, Manor Hot e vide with sexual organs, which existed in pa ee at solution. i EREET 
‘Gnnnersbury, g, esex. - | before its maturity; but none of them has shown how short extract relative to t 
‘pene IIT.—Globe a o, Lg sg A oha hard Bean oh pg these parent individuals entered into the grains in| the young flower by the introduction at eae 
Englefield House, Reading. > ; , which they are inclosed. In J = account for their | larva must for the present close our notice of this excel. 
-—Swedes of, any variety.—2. 2s., Mr. Ente i iae ai various theories (as we e just mentioned) lent memoir, but there are other porn of interest which 
Harrison Radmanthwaite, Mansfield ; 11. EN ar Robert "have been m Prope osed. The matter, ited admits of a | our readers will be pleased to see Ure occasion 
ommon Turnips.—2/. 2s., Mr. George Mangles, | very sim i op scat e are obliged to pass by loser pe Dart which 
paysio: animals, 
Givendale, Sipon, Eo kahire at lg; , Mr. Samuel Druce, j | sound grain of Wheat is sown by the side P the : aie Ae and 
y Farm, Eyns near Oxfo of one affected with Vibrio, it sprouts and is developed, | especially as regards t r suspended animation, and the 
Oma y haat Dsbeston, Hall, si nan <2) Georga a ag while the diseased grain dln cme soft, and ulti- eS cts fe roduced on thena by various chemical 
i Pd ottingha: mshire ; 
ll. 1s., x. George Mec ‘ann, Graham House, Malvern. ma ately decays, The Vibrios he Brain whi sown | or by ¢ hange of temperature. Bie however, who are 
_ Class VIL Ox Cabbage.—2/. 2s., Mr. Fa uel Robinson, Shaw | were dry and in a situ e of apparent death. After some Aaa in such matters can easily have recourse to 
i House, Melbourne; Ib Is) Robert F llowes, Esq., Bitteswell | Weeks, when they have been sufficiently moistened, | the original, as it is readily Sarane f being published 
tines P T Potatoes. — the Right, Honourable Lord | they resume the signs of vi tality. They penetrate the separately and at the same time moderate in ; 
. Leigh, Stoneleigh ear a HR ie l. 1s., Mr. James softened walls of the grain, and becom e free.. Those} As regards the changes wrought by the larve in the 
Fares N aeisi Chorley, Lancashire. which come in contact with the growing A Roh penetrate young flower, kt ve igp following observations ;— 
: Sunde of ONARA RRT THe ahoeri | between Pp sheaths of we leaves, which then form “ Barcockle seed which was at first normal 
Yo ner Davy, Ashtown House, PO TO sbt eiria 
South Molton, Doanshive: Mr. i- Charles Stokes, King: stóli: iat PE carried from one to the other, and at Tength and then subj ey to change Its tissue is composed of 
bau, Neveiriy Rig hire; Mr. Samuel Bloxsidge, Warwick. [7 each the innermost }. hypertrophied and deformed cells, similar to those which 
oe e rok ion me 2 2 ee ak ak ae ie me «The ey il ve for a lon ng t ere between hae Sy ety constitute the Galls produced by insect laryæ in various 
Darou an een oars Gough, | without presenting any oe ange in their habit | vegetables. The vos is ng cage even in a rudi- 
revel Hil, ae ae Marawi ry; Mr. Joseph Holland Burbery, | | or organisation Hokan e oist, they crawl psr tary atate, w the ngen l 
Jupcr or Roors. — Mr. J. Mathews, Edgbaston House, upwards in n proportion as the stem rises; but if it is dry | which is destined to "become U the ovary, be Serr hs 
deeuieabarn os z r néi i a ; | they remain between the sheaths, without motion or the glume. The presence of the larva produces in the 
te EE FOR A Se oF Pics.—Professor Simonds, Roya | appearance of life, till fat, restoring their moisture, parts an action which pie! their normal evelopm 
VETERINARY preka AND Geiiiar REFEREE.—Mr. R. L. restores also the manifestation of vita ality. and structure. They are transformed into a rounded 
‘Hunt, Cannon Street, Birmi ingham “The spike of Wheat, before appearing externally, excrescence, in the centre of which the Vibrios are 
baer hey Sil a eae time inclosed in the sheaths of ve ‘ound. er pi 
: nal Pee ue ibrios, inclosed in the same | pate in the transformation, and we find buta single 
Aebielos j the athe, ontact with it, and insinuate ‘lista. excrescence which is uni- or multi-locular. Sometimes 
selves urat the atts of which it is composed. In | several parts are developed separately, and the excres- 
order that their introduction may be followed Py the | cence is multiple; sometimes, again, a part of the flower 
prey cases it must take place at a very early stage of | e pes transformation, and we find either a glume, 
mation of the spike, When this is only a few | a stamen, or the ovary itself unchanged, bt cs 
rophy. 
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i SANs, tg, ea and nd Agricultura, on the Vi irio 
: Wheat. By Dr. C. Davai Paris, 1857.* 
The author of this excellent Breaths is ies in the be Tlimetnes (scarcely a hee in length, while the glumes, | a state of at phy. In case the which 
i especiall s researches on | stamens, ovar et the form of scales, and th pene rapidly, and when 
generation of oysters, on the general or partial not distinct from Sach ot er, and all are formed of very | the spike projects beyond the sheath, before the forma- 
_ ‘par the two nerves of the seventh pair, both of | soft, cheng pulpy cellules, which admit very easily of tion of the normal seed, before flowering, a r 
vnich memoirs were crowned by the Institute of rance, | penetra ration, the Vibrios in contact with them cause the already large Gall exists between the valves of the glun 
and for a series of observations on Hydatids, and the production. ‘of Barcockle by introducing themselves into | and will’be regarded hereafter as the grain of of 
‘Several stage > their development. The present their parenchym. But when these scales assume the which it has usurped the place.” M.J.B. = 
po oir, ich has likewise sprit the i l feu f the di hich constitute the flower of oT p Ba 
~ approval of the French Acad. y, presents itself there- | Wheat, when the bifid pistil becomes distinct, the Vibrios 
-fore to the notice of the scientific vak vator with | cannot ae into their parenchym, doubtless in con- —_ 
-~ peculiar sanctions, and will be found well worth a pe of its being too firm, and the Earcockle Misoepani 
| cannot be Godas as I bave ascertained by many of Scotland is about 
It would of course be far beyond the scope of our | ei betitie ents. f let ee f ane is 31,374 square 
: Journal to enter into any anatomical details of the! “Before penetrating into the peeun of br prea 30,000 ‘square miles; that od by Mr .. Donelly as being 
‘structure of the little animal which produces one of the | mentary flower, the Vibrios did not ineresse miles. tiling tha ses ds re, pe was 5,160,089 aeres. 
Most formidable diseases to which Wheat is subject, | but after their introtitietiol, tidy Auten attain their under in eee Maxwell’s return that the 
though happily confined to certain districts. In these | full ensions. The female lays a grea r of | ™ Scotland toh e find _ 8,536,512 acres. The 
the diseased grain forms a considerable per-centage. In | eggs, in which an embryo is soon manifest ; ioe pierces total quantity under cro a be i ee 
‘Suffolk, for instance, Professor Henslow reports that it | the membrane of the egg, ms Phe woe undergoing any principal eropa seco Appana 
_ sometimes itutes one-eighth of the tail corn. It | further change lives in the of a larva, in the sa ees 
will not, however, be out of place to state some of the cavity in which its parents ns peck Wheat ». _ 562,681 
conclusions at which the author ~~ ma or to give; “While the Vibrios increase in size, the e parenchym eat 4 (1...) cae 
at length some of parts of t oir which which incloses them is developed into a rounded tumour Berté; &e. .. 286,257 p 
most interesting to the cultivator, for though there | which increases gra dually ; a on. of the aah Potal cardad 5 2,787,716 mene 
_ Bre several excellent notices and memoirs on the subject | Which constitutes the Earcockle stops before it has Potatoes TR a) Oe 476.091 
by Bı tish authors, there is none which can pretend to | reached the size of a normal mety Turnips .. R pomp: £11,008 
have gone as deeply into the matter as that before us. “When the Wheat is ripe the Vibrios have finished thor green oropa Ret eee 
_ If we examine a on of corn infected with Vibrio, | laying their eggs; the eggs are developed and the Meier ike Clover | 1,369,421 ee 8 
` when it has arrived at maturity, we find a certain | embryos hatched. The parents then perish, their integu- Bate tallow eso oe A a 
- number of grains, py Recs all the pay of the | ments and organs are reduced to shreds no longer $60,089 pee 
~ spike e ly . These are small, black, and | capable of being recognised ; the shells of the eggs are LORI nO E ee 
‘ound consisting of a thick, teen shell, whose cavity absorbed, and the Vibrios of the new generation are will be seen wi “re rst 
is filled with a white powder. This powder contains no | dried up with the grain which encloses them. If, then, Ireland „are ogon to 
trace of fecula, eae eon ely composed composed of e exami  Earcockle in the state of maturity, we | unde 3 they 
 thread-she ch are in fact little, find nothing but a white inert powder, whic thus showing that in Ireland the 
dry, rigid worms. When i ika in water they are at | be produced spontaneously, every trace of its origin | course system, while in 
first agitated by hygroscopic é olida; which, however, emite disappeared. ‘The myriads of Vibrios of which | five-course shift. The Potatoes pli 
~ soon cease. — If the Wheat is fresh gathered, they soon | this powder ae ormed are larve, which, like the eggs of = times as much as in Scotlan 
exhibit motions of a different kind, which are various, | certain animals or the se eds of plants, await, m a state | more Turnips than In the 
and nacti vital; p ak Wheat is old, it is Pa epia ri the conditions which are necessary Treland is far bir brine Suot | 
aes, f or even days, that they resume of their vitality, re T which muc in 1 
vital motion. The number in a single grain is sey be deferred for many months òk many years, as the fopethor—that i is, s, Potat oes, Turnips, Z| 
almost infinite, They exhibit no S beeeenye t ; | case ma; seh be” crops. We have for Tein 1,614,5% 4 
they are all similar in form, and organisa’ _ There nothing, then, in this case like the alterna- | 627,503. In Mesdow rote ce 
which latter is very — and i altogether sanlogex i tion of Peet r by means of which the admission of and ty have 18,582 acres 4 
we see in the toids. | many of the Mad a which prey upon aes is effected. | seem to have none. If we ¥ : | 
in th attracted | The mode of this admission has on Ae been discovered | i the follows q 
ai the lait fori years, and great praise must certainly 
| to our author for the p ins which] he has taken 
