DECEMBER 26, 1857. ] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
dered to the ` interests of agi: | | drained—that the water has been taken away too sa from 
- ; has r ren 
7 serv en he It is one a to remove an excess of wa 
par a lecture ne Lala by that gentleman on ay abov Eha Soni thing to take away wh: at is necessary for vs i s: and 
= at ws the following passages from the therefore any EI st ir doth. to be voor erved iz 
5 abjec > Arasi ses, and in, all varieties of soil—is, in my judgr oh 
Nesbit said: “I come be fore you, not to advocate deep pax emey in error.’ 
aring or shallow deatr, ut t 4 ea oe’ H ASER tiie Saree EN 
é R n the laws which ought to jä 
e nature of the soil itself $e ties In the first piace, what Calendar of Operations. 
of apes. chemically, between a drained and an un- —+— erin 
is the | e a undrained soil is not simply a soil in bo EMBER, have b tna} 7 
draine resent, but a soil in which water is present bee West Sussex, December 16.—During the whole autumn we present hema naaie support aie A a 
war = xtent—to an extent that will injure the vegetati have had the whether very mild and comparatively dry, and |} to aieke fort be h port it affords him much satisfaction 
a apy tion then arises, how does an excess of water injure the work has been got well forward. “Wheat is all put in, and the eligibil t he bas Succeeded in obtaining the above most 
The ques of the soil? 1f you have a lar; a Cawr a water very | earlier sowings are up, and looking pat. rong, and there is | pusin © premises, in w is his intention to carry on the 
poem” t y i of the soil, tha i by its ahi gat fear that if we have much snow during the winter it may get a tenti ; and he trusts by unremitting 
perea produces cold; the and ri consequence of | damaged, especially that on the rich, oa There has san e rials mat ae foie, Pyeng only the very best 
ed, very much colder gies it otherwise would | been a great breadth of it sown, for though compared with 
te by i 
; n 
Lory other words, the average temperature of the We —_ it does not pay this year, yet weall believe that this is nr mB by the Parnes moderate Si > kode ble charges, to merit a 
hout the year is very much lower than it would n exception, and after ba > oF eee per ace is i perbapa. better | on the late and liberally bestowed 
marang did not approach so near the surface. That is one tha last year, for the yi whol r more I the a De 
me We will take another—that in which the water-bearing then was a paad, anit thor is T think little. doubt That upon r. ra x. Lem a Ahe will be toadapt al! 
surface oes not come to the top of the land, but so near to it, | the low, rich, coast land where it has been properly cultivated | He wl il devote. A iyare, d pospone ol which loh Aay aro required. 
that the mere capillary action of the soil will bring it to the | from 5 to 7 quarters wil t be got, where last year from 34 to 4 of Pts, Ore rae = the plain, inexpensive, prac- 
Here you have a second case of injury from excess of | was the ave ; and the quality is so superior, Barley turns i oo se a ouses, Greenhouses, Vineries, 
surface. h not so bad a one as the first. Capillary attrac- | out very various in recon d but the yield is an average ; Oats do Conservator cs, Winter G G ardens, &c a erections of 
tion has a very imp ring on the question of drainage, re me quite up to the mark. Peas yield pretty well, and the in wood or iron, 
res th the depth and distance of collateral drains. | quality is better than násl.. Gür Wout Buster k oatite ae attention, and he "for De h rot wg te nas od, in will engage A expecial 
I wish to impress upon you this t here the soil is | root show came off last week, and though on a very small scale, ety, d and ecimomy n sayi at in simplicity, 
exceedingly fne, w of the soil are very minute, | yet it showed that there are not wanting spirit and judgmen prose: Altre ona, y aiaia pris com} wit 
ent 
capillary attracts on will raise the pater muon birmi ag to some extent. There Sepa more than about a dozen show 
il is of a gravelly and coarse character, is | beasts, but they were all g especially some Sussex heifers, x 
wi where ‘the jud jud, ent of every man who putsa drain | which would mes epee a respectable appearance at Baker anaes ee ntti eona ers “ton ventilation, he 
por the land, because, in propers on as the rig ytd en a pre et. oy rabid may yae mgt breed cg ap’ wn Having biin 
of different soils varies in force and amoun so the modes f | des erving of more a idiak than it has yet obtained. In colour | Offce Staff, he is pre en aeiy tof mal =~ 
draining mee soils papey. toa efiectually must Sary like Eigi resemble the Devons, but are ofa better shape ; pre reier me ‘and Gamers NNR e Yow to wait 
. Q o 
that, in irained Jand, ;not only haro you gueric of the evapo | county show i wuby. the fires prise eons rere noe some aa their tele 4 Sta: nady eta Goni a aa’ Chola eae 
nof the water from the surface of the soil, but the soil | thought to be Leary ms, Our root show ngels pn fheir geen Sealey Deen Eee ae = 
atthe surface, being warmed by the rays of the sun and by | were very good; one of the Long Red weighed ‘bs, phar many STEPHENSON, late piar gge ras AND SONS 
e diffused h of day, warms the water that falls on the of the Yellow Globe from 2 to 30lbs. But the Turni ips were far | \/» 61, Gracechurch Street, 
soil; and that water, in passing ing downwards, leaves its heat below what the past years have produced, which proves that Hurdles, Fencing, &c., Improved Iron oak Copper | Com 
the soil. You see, aenetat®, that if a soil ‘be args of dee ep the crop is far below an average, but as the autumn has been | Boilers and A tus for Warming Buildings of 
drainage, the deeper t e drain, within ce , the | so mild roots have been kept in reserve, so that there is no fear | description ob d ot Water. 
greater will be the Anoan of soil heated by the water’ that | of a short su upply. Respecting sheep there Are bean ve tnd Estimates furnished application, 
comes from the surface. Another eave Apia itsel ce 7 sper ely, | complaints ye oa osses rere the ewes 5 in lam mni : an y kare a ER o enep 
fter the water has entered the so e air must follow it. | lost a nu es, and others have ha pause er eirs 
a. oon have two courses of action, You have the water | ing their sina pe dmat trae ng the high price that was paid aa R. PEILL, 17, New Park Street, Southwark, 
pary. in mene. weather, passing downwards, | for them at be some ae other places, the mieni a of profit e (late STEPHENSON & Perit), Inventor of the Improved 
ing th i owing | isa very large min would be well if some change could Conical Boilers in Iron and Copper, is now enabled to con- 
Besides that, the | be brought about raced the m ent of this great fair. | siderable reduction in the charged by his late firm, and 
drainage has a dist stint action in in diin grating the mineral | The sheep are brought many miles from Dorset, Wilts, and | to ay, the trade upon very advantageous terms with 
matters of the soil for the purposes of the plant, and in | Somerset, and after walking for4 or 6 days on short feed, are | ma 
oxidising the vegetable matters, and furnishing TERIA y | turned into a plot of white Turnips to fill them up, which it | Conservatories, metal work 
which the process of vegetation may take place more rapidly | certainly has the effect of doing, and there is little doubt that Prices, &c., at the anufactory as 
than it ere? wo ae s re p water eg on dry ce great harm is done to a „= the — time, roe ro HEATING BY HOT WATER 
porous soils, it first, as it descends, drives out the air, and is | are frequent in gettin em home; year it has 
fr ve. th some haviiig th See h largest 
6 sry | J , JONES has always the largest stock in London of 
bg nare ia one which you will have to determine, | business may be better managed than that; as railways are | ~ at tinge en PIP. pomp rondo pe 
each ease, merits. The experiments which I ic ree through the breeding counties, they might be got | € fad Boilers, pr pes dad Aarmns w manggo deve 
vee to exhibit P will, however, ev E S ORI bec ae is no | up m y at less risk and not more expense. Were the | ban idle 
one reper depth and no one decided width at which it can fair at idichestine on September 29¢ r supported 
iy laid E that all draining should be carried on, but coer d be a gain to all jes: P There is very little of importance eee aa Fa pnta Fog miie ae eed for 
Í that "oinin must vary according to the circumstances and | now going on on the farm, ploughing th e perte ta of i the | the apparatus fix 
he cal nc ie y ed, we have here thi age of ming hod iren Eh iiag, oa feedi ttl bei th prinipal Merchant, 6, Bankside, South 
chemical principies are concerned, we have here the passage of | ming he hres an ing cattle, being the , 
the water through the soil and the alternate passage of air ; an ore. There, do not appear to be man y. banda MONRO’S CANNON BOILER.—Invesrip py Mn. Jons 
thus we have the irrigation and the og ia ofi ne | soil accom- bei loy,» wiih may be accounted for by the Militia Satis bem MONRO, GARDENER AT Cotwey Hovsr, NEAR Sr. NB. 
A ence sine. S MP eean JONES, having cad raters for the entire 
Sale of the above are 
Nisbet 
geological inquiries have given of Elkington’s success in Notices to Correspondents. mada in boih Wrought and Sas irm: of e ienes 
the removal of spring: waer fron, swamps, Mo hen] Cow Cu: A Sa geen asa | sgl anl om ha gw ae ee ae 
referred again to the theory of ordinary drain kanes :— cue aigas ppe A ible to give any other | moderate cost for t for fuel They are adapted {for heating Groen- 
eneral directions 1 har the pecs bi of clay into road material | houses, urches, $e., ‘ound 
ot water ip a n time has not been ) sufficient Shan appear in Mr. Bailey Denton’s essay. Mr. Denton tells | every ot Dolor hith j Toni a w ce of me h 
account. What answer should we give to ‘the que estion: How | us that he knows of no clays belonging to the earlier forma- Wroug <h TERE, eac Katyn oe re om “ame dinto 
far will water penetrate into soils?’ a think that the fo lowing tions, anterior to the lias, from whioh cong may be mad bt ass a : k ron m stock 
answer will express a general law which governs all cases with certainty. There are however patches of the old wn delive . med ween See a ord peg a rea 
‘Until the resistance Ns its down à ward pas ee a the and the new sandstones which furnish Kier: beria; beg ay A. = os e — +. e = 
pressure from above.’ If the soil be porous, the water from The o coal measures 1s chea than bonsa, if 
above ay dowa ce as aaia arai these moh the Se lh makes first rate bal- application to J. J ONES, Iron Bridge Srt, i 6, Bankside, South 
when it reaches the water-level, it meets wi with 6 ition and t, d after the best of cla is found it : ie 
— to rise. But where fee the coat ina Gay ach homo- = ai ailure, in Ph SE of PER E ete batning: SAE m HO M SON’S PA AT EN Ta HO OT- W AT ER 
i and mi > *or GAS-HEA 
talk ofa water-level in di ss te no water can be found, i gs | hands will make as much ballast of an excellent prem FOR ig ag i 
even at a depth of 50 or 60 feet. But some soils like these| vitrified character as five times the quantity will make of use- ROBERT THOMSON anp SO 
$ ; require draini jess stuff in gear ple Pi! ag ers, and Gas FITTERS, : n goa 
water. There is a depth in these soils which d economy to use coals of middling good quality, are now in use in reland, 
surface-water will get penetrate; and this depen will vary and he would be indisposed to attempt the burning of clay ienr ete general ah anas, 
with the varying fineness and tenacity of the soil. These} with any other fuel than wiii ideals ina Nurserymen Seedsmen, and Plumbers in the Kingdom, or 
DRAINS: irer “I have the Manufacturers. 
fluence on pes rt of the practical dramer. Let me here 1d of clayey soil ; in only one of them does he "water show 
e variety of the soils which are called by poat A at the , Santee Ro: wi of ahs field. The tenant ay s it mine HORTICULTURAL WORKS, 
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farmers cla; soils are not clay soils. ou how measoil| draining; certainly p DISSOLUTION ARTNERSHIP, í 
which requires mixture of 40 or 50 oR Na of sand before | cattle, and yet the ho ple close b by make 0 wra or yf respectfull “to announce to 
it will ea beim datok i will admit | set to to be a a aay i soil; but | draining be necessary for this field, and if so at _— depth 2 R. GRAY begs hitherto 
il will ma sand, his patrons and friends that the t 
petri Mr. Fs ial, 
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ke n the trial hole where pirar appears it seems to 
I aa admit it to be a real Tejp sat Thee tor a tago aes the bottom, butat about 2 feet from fost | 
therefore we see, in depth and distance. de epends on the fine- tenant £ thinks it would be waste of money to drain 4 feet 
j ness of the partioles and pores of the soil; the am eep ; 30 inches he says answers best on the adjoining AUN | he 
lary attraction ; and last, though not least, the amoun t of re- [We A betr not oa rk ampar- A he drains in 4 feet deep baol? is and pai 
sistance a soil offers to io passage of a Take in all dscussons at reo that n ter weeps = A al ool ee ito 
ii present eg It is clear bed i 
, the element o of time has not eadi sufficiently “taken $ the holes is as conclusive against 30 inches “a 48. 
dep 
into consideration. obse btedly perom 
The lecturer heh all alluded to the statement that m the better and deeper peA Aati anh which will sun most anxious care and study to maintain 
Pn Es Steere i e 
in h coed 
es othe run the first, denying its accuracy. He |p o tain arene ops OF THE BREEDER : CD. W ve peed z 
“onpa Th ts h letter in the hands bs’ the most se tent phi ty y upon ts ii NOMEN ee a i 
ere is another point which I wish to introduce. It has ect whom we know. 
occurred to ios eae in some cases it an be well if pep report exhibited their dnc clearly enough aioe OHN SO OR A axp SON SON beg to aga the it the attention 
instead of further pam J there were irrigation. I would} appearance to justify the remark that a J Vis aims J f the bility and gentry tothe very superior w | 
Suggest that there is such a thing as natural overdrainage ; his materials abi cAn eo Eiin Bakor Street wee | which or Pivot f Conservatories, Vineries, Green- 
that T have seen such. a ‘thing, in sock h soils as the sands resting | at ; and the pure animalsexhibited at in any course © uses, €c pining every improvement with elegance of 
Ss in the distri Steen ary Se duds and |- unr oho prore est perprene aaae Tarpani. | ade an Ouro ares ee aad Ron 
ira in Suffolk. Has been = e h thing as over-| b will endin a permanent ch be in ILA’ APPARATUS for the F 
ractie artificially? I would submit for the consideration of | Wo hope that Mr. Willetts hho tn which ts of un ices has given the highest satisfaction. Churches, Chapels, 
BS wie —: roe res tae eta meng dig be not many cases | us his experience PN ie le are et se Mie poji az f | Schools, Entrance Halls, Public Buildings, $e, heated corona 
o is drained too much. Itisa rseverance mus ina ' 
ar pam fact that t if you have a pieco of fallow land exp a reais bò conasienee Hee ut 4 A “ a e hen hrs dh ner aaron mae 
pile ie ie the osama, A and have another piece of | THE ieee oF org : C e rate. The right , rofit possible.” The the “nability and by whom mee te AT 
crop f ” ro t 
best per mt p you will fnd tha iabten ete, a aaa a. prise of a thing depends apon the demand for it, quiteas |G GRIEN AND POOE BY MAC CHARB JERY ERY AT 
4 fo fi ach as it does upon the i 
‘he fact that every leaf of the Vetch eaa eA sold. his. g bbe at & geen for a a-piece, and H TURAL WORKS, 
ons runn wnward into the soil, and that all Colonel To 
fac where of the soil is brought up by the rots = the al y” "shown there, they did not regulate 
perha: re it evaporates s by the ayons q the This m iever" by what the animals port 
Š . re for the culty o; ond’ in getting they thought their customers ghe je as actuates and | reco 
tion from ¢ ode ni fae Tares, “But pe not the eva “i 9 they on Facade pef ting — upon ‘his 
e ppi on ewise of wat the pur 
*oots of the plants, as in the E Stasis AtA Teaio then nay by can get your parishioners to give 
Seem to point to the ecessit: or wei water than in o full oro in which the price of 
Pre ae Andin the ease of the constant evaporation TE face of a well sustained demand 1 bes ae ae 
by the leaves and root, pay not the water-level, | the breeders and their me E 
a ts eee OR -IN water, be allowed to the gaead rhe i, 8 ee ce nen 
eons è nearer the surface than in arable land? Tt is| rival baker to set up his Taon 
maai and I submit it to you with |- ae a ry can | 
s s lands may have been over, ; 
teiba that some Grass 
