MOLLUSCA AND SHELLS. 
PLATE(47) ng 
Fig. 593. SEPIOTEUTHIS ARCTIPINNIS, ventral view of the animal; 
593 a, superior view of the head; 593 2, a cupule, from above; 
593 c, a cupule, in profile.—p. 479. 
Fig. 594. OMMASTREPHES INSIGNIS, ventral view of the animal; 
594 a, the dorsal shaft; 594 b, the mouth, and circle of arms; 
594 c, d, e, f, views of the jaws; 594 g-m, various sizes and forms 
of cupules; 594 n, shows the origin of the fin, from above. —p. 
480. 
PLATE@8) JO sl 
Fig. 595. ONYCHOTEUTHIS RUTILUS, dorsal, and 595 a, ventral 
views of the animal; 595 b, mouth, and circle of arms; 595 c, 
cupule, from above; 995 d, ranges of cupules, 595 e, hook cap- 
sules of the tentacular arms. —p. 482. 
Fig. 596. ONYCHOTEUTHIS BREVIMANUS, dorsal view of the ani- 
mal. —p. 483. 
Fig. 597. ATLANTA PRIMITIA, shell and animal, magnified, 597 
a, the head and proboscis, much magnified; 597 b, natural size; 
597 c, thoracic tube and sac; 597 d, section of the shell. 
DETAILS. 
b. Bag and tube, hanging free externally. 
a. The eye, a transparent globe, resting on a dark 
c. Mouth, the 
e. Ovate 
base. 
tube below enlarging into a stomach. d. Intestine. 
organ, probably the heart, beating regularly when the head is ex- 
serted, but not observed in action when the head is retracted. 
f. Lamella, facing the beak. g. Two small plates on the lateral 
lamella, h. i. Fleshy antenne. k. Tube, connected with the 
bag b, having vibratile ciliz at the aperture. 
Fig. 598. ATLANTA CUNICULA, the animal and shell, magnified ; 
598 a, the head, still more enlarged; 598 b, the cervical ganglion 
and its branches; 598 c, natural size. 
DETAILS. a. Cephalic ganglion. b. Otolithes (?). c. Alimentary 
canal. d. Abdominal nerve. e. Nerve to the thoracic ganglion. 
Fig. 599. ATLANTA VIOLACEA, lateral, and 599 a, superior views 
of the shell, enlarged; 599 6, natural size. 
Fig. 600. ATLANTA TESSELLATA, lateral, and 600 a, dorsal views 
of the shell, enlarged ; 600 5, natural size. 
Fig. 601. LIMACINA (P) CUCULLATA, right, 601 a, left views of 
the shell; 601 5, view of the shell, with the animal. 
Fig. 602. LIMACINA SCAPHOIDEA, lateral, and 602 a, longitudinal 
views of the shell and animal, magnified ; 602 ô, natural size. 
Fig. 603. HYALZA FEMORATA, shell, with the animal, expanded. 
Fig. 604. HvALZA INERMIS, shell, with the animal; 604 a, ven- 
tral, and 604 5, lateral views of the shell. 
Fig. 605. CLEODORA EXACUTA, shell and animal, enlarged; 605 
a, transverse section of the shell; 605 b, natural size. 
Fig. 606. CLEODORA PLACIDA, front view of the shell and animal, 
enlarged ; 606 a, natural size. 
Fig. 607. CLEODORA MUNDA, front view of the animal and shell, 
enlarged ; 607 a, lateral view of the same; 607 b, natural size. 
Fig. 608. CLEODORA FALCATA, shell, with the animal, enlarged ; 
608 a, natural size. 
PLATE(49) 52 
ig. 609. CYNTHIA AMPHORA. 
g. 610. PHALLUSIA VIOLACEA. 
Sooloo Sea; 616 a, enlarged view. 
Fig. 611. ASCIDIA MONSTRANS, several figures, in various atti- 
tudes. 
Fig. 612. BOLTENIA COACTA, lateral view. 
Fig. 618. ASCIDIAN, attached to coral from Balabac Passage, 
(J. D. Dana.) 
Fig. 614. BorRyLLOID, of a fleshy texture, from Feejee Islands; 
Sooloo Sea, 618 a, an individual, magnified. 
soft, fleshy, 8 points to stars; stars are openings, but open only 
half the diameter of the star, the openings appear large, but they 
are mostly covered by a very thin membrane, tentacles on sides 
of mass. Animal contracts immediately when approached within 
a few inches. 
The stellar openings are mouths of distinct animals, each hav- 
ing its cesophagus and stomach; cesophagus has transverse folds 
(light yellow color) in membrane; folds are not continuous in the 
tube, but are interrupted in two lines traversing the tube longitu- 
dinally, and are also partially flexed in two other bisecting lines; 
observed two large, deep yellow masses, which appear to indicate 
distinet lobes to the cavity, the stomach is attached below to the 
inferior or basal membrane of the mass, the whole alimentary 
canal being nearly or quite vertical; no stomach, as far as could 
be seen, to the large general mouth; 614 a, detached portion; 614 
b, cesophagus and stomach to the stellar mouths. A structure of 
this nature, seen in mouth and cesophagus, appears to be double, 
forming the cesophagean tube, or attached to its inner surface; 
(J. D. Dana.) 
Fig. 615. EUCGLIUM ERUBESCENS, G., of a spongy texture, at- 
(J. D. Dana.) 
, from coral reef, Balabac Passage, 
(J. D. Dana.) 
, from Feejee Islands; surface mi- 
614 c, natural size. 
tached to coral from Sooloo Sea. 
Fig. 616. EUCŒLIUM 
Fig. 617. Foot 
nutely papillose ; spongy substance contracts and closes the mouths 
and star openings when irritated, 617 a, natural size. (J. D. 
Dana.) 
Fig. 618. Froome LIVIDUM, G., from Feejee Islands; mass 
without regular form; two or three mouths in the mass; numer- 
ous stellate openings; six pointed stars; these openings the ex- 
tremities of tubes, which may be traced into the mass nearly to 
; texture of frond spongy and tough; the stellar openings 
contract when frond is irritated, but the large mouths still remain 
open even when needle ran into it; 618 a, enlarged drawing, 
showing the large mouth and some of the stellate openings at the 
extremity of the internal tubes; 6180, the frond being torn in 
two, showed the exterior of the internal vessels connected with 
the stellar openings; the upper banded portion is the cesophagus ; 
there are ten or eleven yellow bands; the lower portion is the 
stomach, and is deep yellow. (J. D. Dana.) 
Fig. 619. Dracoma (?) , soft and fleshy, from Feejee Is- 
lands; 619 a, one of the small mouths, magnified, situated around 
the large central mouth. (J. D. Dana.) 
Fig. 620. PoLYCLINUM , from dead coral, Sandalwood Bay, 
Feejee Islands; 620 a, portion enlarged 25 diameters, it is of a 
spongy texture; a circle formed by six irregular white spots sur- 
rounds the mouth; three white points surround the mouth at the 
centre ; these points sometimes exhibit motions; the mouth opens 
but very slightly, and contracts when irritated. (J. D. Dana.) 
Fig. 621. NEPHTHEIS (?) , dredged from about nine fathoms, 
Sooloo Sea; 621a,0, front and lateral views of an individual, 
magnified. 
