32 GENERAL DEATH-EATE FOR ALL AGES, ETC. 



althoxigli the social needs of modern civilization render it 

 impossible to prevent sucli aggregation, wise provision may 

 mitigate its attendant evils by reducing this tendency to a 

 minimum. This may he more easily effected in new coun- 

 tries, by only allowing town allotments to be proclaimed, 

 after the careful selection of healthful sites situated in 

 localities where a good water supply and. healthful drainage 

 can be secured. Good ventilation, at the same time, can only 

 be secured, by a proper system of streets and lanes, and central 

 reserves for parks. By prescribing the breadth of great 

 intersecting broadways for each division ; the minimum 

 •width of streets and lanes ; the minimum area of central parirs 

 within each division ; and the minimum air space in dwellings 

 and. workshops for each person, the tendency to over- 

 crowding would be minimised, and a healthful circulation in 

 all quarters secured. 



No building should be allowed to be erected until plans 

 of the same, completed according to prescribed forms of 

 structure, ventilation, and drainage, were passed and approved 

 by a' permanently appointed Board of competent advisers ; 

 and the removal of all refuse and. filth should be effected 

 entirely by the town authorities, by the best methods suited 

 to the particular locality. 



Together with these provisions we must also include the 

 influence of man in the prevention and treatment of injury 

 and. disease. The healthful selection of Hospitals, the proper 

 isolation of cases deemed, to be contagious or infectious, 

 and the proper treatment of cases, have also a very important 

 influence upon the death-rate of each locality. 



CONCLUSIOK 



In conclusion I think it has been made tolerably clear by 

 these observations, that while the total death-rate for all ages 

 may be used locally as a fairly reliable index of the health and 

 sanitary condition of the same place from year to year, it 

 has been proved to be a most fallacious index as regards the 

 comparative health and sanitary condition of differentlocalities, 

 owing mainly to the extreme variability in the proportions 

 living in different places under the principal age groups. 

 The eliminaxion of old ages, as in the Health Standard, has 

 been shown to be a more reliable index between different 

 coiintries. As regards variations from year to year, it is hoped 

 that the observations made may be helpful to others in 

 making proper deductions therefrom. 



