TUE CHIEF COLEOPXEBOUS FAUNiE. 41 



graphical distribution ; but even in them we can satisfactorily es- 

 tablish the presence of the microtypal element in microtypal lands 

 and its absence elsewhere. Take the genus Elater proper. In 

 it, of fifty -three species, twenty-three occur in the Europeo- Asiatic 

 district, twenty-five in North America east of the Eocky Moun- 

 tains, two in New Holland *, and if we unite to it the genus 

 Grammophorus, which has quite the facies oi Elater and stands next 

 to it, we must add four from Chili. 



In the Buprestidae the genus Stigmodera is often quoted as a 

 striking illustration of aflSnity of animal life between Chili and 

 Australia. It is impossible to dispute the absolute identity of their 

 type ; they do not, however, pass further to the north than Peru. 



Anthaxia is another type whose distribution corroborates my 

 hypothesis. It is all but absent from Africa, India, and Brazil, or 

 only very sparingly, and not very characteristically, represented 

 by one or two species at the Cape of Good Hope or in the 

 Malayan region ; but in Chili it is so identical in appearance 

 with our European species, that I remember when I first got 

 some Chilian species I put them aside as obviously ticketed with 

 an erroneous habitat. They also occur in Australia, althougb the 

 species there are not so absolutely European in appearance. 



A not less striking resemblance between Chilian and European 

 species occurs iji a heteromerous genus from Mendoza, at the 

 eastern foot of the Andes {Gacicus americanus), which is so exactly 

 a large counterpart of Elenopliorus collaris from the Mediterra- 

 nean, that I hold it to be perfectly certain that if both had beea 

 found in the same locality, only one genus would have been made 

 for both. It is an out-of-the-way-looking genus, and no other 

 example of the form occurs anywhere else on the face of the earth, 

 so far as is yet known. The Scauridse present similar South-of- 

 Europe resemblances. 



The Q-allerucidse, a family which is represented by diff'erent 

 forms in the different regions where it occurs, are represented 

 in the Europeo- Asiatic regions by the Halticidae. These are very 

 numerous also in Chili. The genus Lithonoma, of which only 

 two species have hitherto been described (one from Spain), re- 

 appears in Chili, from whence I have received a species not yet 

 described. In Cryptocephalus again, although the type leaves very 



* One is recorded as having come from the East Indies, without more precise 

 indication ; but as that word generally includes the Himalayas, which are half 

 Europeo-Asiatic, the locality cannot be counted either way. 



