1906. J ALCYONARIANS FROM ZANZIBAR. 419 



branches or projections, {b) and (c) are also present, but in both 

 cases there is more variation in the size and shape. The X-shaped 

 marking is more frequent. 



III. In the oapitukim : — 



The second type (b) is predominant. They are often branched 

 and the 4-radiate forms are common. In many of them the rough 

 spine-like processes are restricted to one end, and the other end 

 tapers to a point and is free from spines. 



Locality. Zanzibar. Previously from Red Sea, China Straits, 

 British New Guinea, Maldives, Gulf of Manaar. 



SCLEROPHYTUM QUERCIFORME Pratt. 



This species is represented by two fragments. 



The stalk is firm and rigid, with the core packed with large 

 spicules. The outer surface of the stalk is granular. From the 

 broken lower end of both fragments large spicules project. 



The capitulum is divided into large lobes, which are in their 

 turn divided into very numerous smaller lobes. The polyps are 

 borne principally on the smaller lobes, bitt many are present on 

 the sides of the larger lobes and on the continuation of the stalk. 



The stem-spicules are thick spindles with numerous rough 

 wart-like spines, and slender spindles with numerous rough spines. 

 They vary in length from 0-18-0-23 mm. and in width from 0-03 

 -0'05 mm. 



The polyp-spicules are slender spiny spindles, varying in length 

 from 0'12-0'4 mm. 



Clubs 0-2-0-25X 0-1 mm. 



Pi-eviously from Maldives and Gulf of Manaar, 



SCLEROPHYTUM MARENZELLERI Pratt. 



A siuall complete colony, firm and rigid with a much plicated 

 crown. It is 16 mm. in height, and the crown has a breadth of 

 29 mm. The autozooids appear to be restricted to the top of the 

 folds on the crown and to the margin. The suiface has agranular 

 appearance due apparently to the numerous minute siphonozooids. 

 In the crown large white spicules covered with numerous small 

 tubercles are seen projecting often to a distance of 3 mm. 



SCLEROPHYTUM HIRTUM Pratt. 



A specimen firm and tough in texture, with a total height of 

 16" 5 mm. and a maximum coronal breadth of 20*5 mm. The 

 crown has a large number of small lobes. The autozooids are 

 completely retracted and the lobes have a warty appearance. 



From the broken base of the specimen numerous large spicules 

 project. They are spindle-shaped, straight or curved, thickly 

 covered with numerous rough warts, and often show a tendency 

 to divide into several branches. The following measurements 

 were taken of length and breadth in millims. : — 3*3 X '5 ; 2'6 x "35 ; 

 3-35 X -55. 



Proc. Zool. Soc— 1906, Vol. I. No. XXVIII. 28 



