THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 231 



into the synonymy of Carangus ignobilis. Caranx hleini (Bloch), as Dr. Klunzinger has pointed out, is 

 not the ulua, but some one of the species found in Hindustan. Caranx sexfasciatus is the banded species 

 of the river mouths called Carangus rhabdolus by Jenkins. The name Caranx hippos has no pertinence 

 to this species, having been based on a specimen of "Caranx carangus" from South Carolina. Sauvage 

 recognizes Carangus forsteri as a species distinct from the ulua, but his figure of the type shows no 

 differential characters. Caranx peroni and Caranx belengcri of Cuvier and Valenciennes are also based 

 on the ulna. 



In life the ulua is easily recognized by its yellow pectoral, the anal lobe being dusky, and the 

 dorsal not edged with black. The breast is fully scaled. Carangus marginatus is similar, but has the 

 dorsal edged with blackish. Carangus ignobilis, like Carangus hippos of the Atlantic, has the breast 

 naked except for a small central patch. The anal lobe is bright yellow, the pectoral pale. As a food- 

 fish Carangus forsteri, the ulua, and Carangus melampygus, the malauli, are far superior to all others of 

 this genus in the Pacific. Caranx latus (fallax) of the Atlantic is a closely related but distinct species. 

 We adopt for the ulua, provisionally, the name of Caranx forsteri, as it seems to be the oldest properly 

 applied to the species. 



The nlua is the food fish par excellence of the mid-Pacific, both in Samoa and Hawaii. It reaches 

 a large size, similar to that of the malauli, and it is scarcely less common than the atule. Hundreds 

 of specimens were taken in Samoa, and a few preserved. 



A specimen from Pago Pago in life had the anal dark, pectoral yellow in the young, growing dull 

 with age; body green, with blue specks, the fins with blue-black luster. Dorsal rays 23 or 24; body 

 deep; preorbital deep; breast scaly; fins high; no opercular spot. 



One specimen from Apia in life had the pectoral bright yellow, anal dark; another was pale bluish 

 silvery, the vertical fins all dusky, the pectoral bright yellow, ventral slightly dusky. Eye small; 

 plates small. 



423. Caranx marginatus (Gill). Hawaii; Samoa; west coast of Mexico and Panama. 



Two species from Samoa seem to be referable to this species. Possibly Caranx heberi Bennett, 

 from Ceylon, is the same species. 



424. Caranx ignobilis (Forskal). Lupo. Samoa; Hawaii; New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies. 

 {Carangus hippoides Jenkins: Caranx sem, ckala, lessoni, xantfiopygus, etc., Cuvier & Valenciennes.) 



Frequently taken about Samoa. 



425. Caranx sexfasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Lupo. Hawaii; Samoa; Vanicolo; Waigiu; Java. 



This species, recently described as C. rhabdotus Jenkins from Hawaii, is common in the mouths 

 of the streams of Upolu, especially the sluggish stream called Gasegase River, ascending even into the 

 smaller brooks. One specimen was taken by us in salt water, and this has lost the cross bands and 

 some part of the peculiar dusky shade of the others, although even in this the caudal plates are of a 

 watery blackish color. About a dozen specimens were taken. The cross bands, very distinct in the 

 young, grow faint with age. 



This species seems to be the one figured by Quoy and Gaimard under the name of Caranx sexfas- 

 ciatus. Jenkins's figure of Caranx rhabdotus represents it very fairly, and we are forced to believe that 

 the two are the same species. From Caranx ignobilis, which has also the anal fin yellow, Caranx sex- 

 fasciatus differs in having the breast entirely scaled. In Caranx ignobilis the breast is naked, with a 

 small central patch of scales as in Caranx hippos of the West Indies. Caranx forsteri has more anal 

 rays and more (30 to 33) lateral plates. The mouth is larger in Caranx sexfasciatus than in Caranx 

 forsteri or any other of the related species. Caranx forsteri shows no cross bands at the size (4 to 8 

 inches) of our specimens of Caranx sexfasciatus. 



Life colors of a specimen from Gasegase River, at Apia, dark brassy with a transparent blackish 

 wash, as usual in fishes from muddy water; 6 broad darker cross bands; a black opercular spot; no 

 pectoral spot; anal dull yellow, the lobe not sharp; upper fins dark. Another specimen from Apia 

 had the pectoral pale, anal yellow. A specimen from fresh water near Vailele, Upolu, in life had the 

 body barred, an opercular spot, upper fins dusk}', lower dull yellow. In a specimen from the swamp 

 at Pago Pago the anal fin was bright yellow, caudal not so. 



426. Caranx dasson Jordan & Snyder. Hawaii. 



427. Caranx elacate (Jordan & Evermann). Hawaii. 



