THE FISHES OF SAMOA. 305 



975. Thalassemia ballieui (Vaillant & Sauvage). Hawaii; Johnston I. 

 (Julie obscurus Glinther; Thalassoma verl kalis Smith & Swain.) 



976. Thalassoma lunare (Linnjeus). New Guinea (Macleay); East Indies. 



Apparently all the East Indian references to lunaris belong to T. lunare and the Polynesian refer- 

 ences to T. lutescens. The species from the Riukiu Islands figured by Bloch as Labrus i-iridis, by 

 Bennett and by Brevoort as Julis lutescens and described in detail by Jordan & Snyder (Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., xxiv), as T. lutescens, is the true lutescens, being different from T. lunare. 



977. Thalassoma guntheri (Bleeker). Samoa; Fanning I. (Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vn, 



1877, 83); New Guinea (Macleay); East Tndies. 

 We have one fine specimen from Apia, apparently referrable to this species. Life colors, bright 

 olive green, much mottled and varied; a bright crimson lateral stripe; another above it, broader, 

 duller, more diffuse, and connected with the first by cross streaks; two oblique crimson stripes from 

 pectoral across belly anteriorly, separated by blue-green; belly livid violet gray; head dark; a red 

 area on preorbital; a deep blue stripe through eye from snout to opercle; a curved blue stripe bounding 

 dark bluish brown of lower part of head; lower jaw orange with a blue stripe; dorsal bluish at base, 

 then crimson in a broad band, then bluish, then broadly edged with green; caudal very pale reddish, 

 this color surrounded by whitish and blue, the upper and lower rays and lobes crimson, the upper a 

 continuation of the dorsal stripe, the lower line extending forward on caudal peduncle; anal pale livid 

 grayish; pectoral colorless, the axil red and green, the outer half jet black; ventral colorless grayish. 



978. Thalassoma lutescens (Solander). Hawaii; Tahiti; Fanning Is. (Streets); Marcus I. (Bryan); 



Riukiu Is. 



979. Thalassoma purpureum (Forskal). Hawaii; Samoa: Tahiti; Guam; Caroline Is.; Aneiteum; 



Laysan; Thornton I.; East Indies. 



Scarus purpureas Forskal, Descr. Anim., 27, 1775, Red Sea; not Julis purpurea Riippell, and of Gunther, which is 



Thalassoma ruppetli (Klunzinger). 

 Thalassoma purpureum Seale, Bishop Museum, 1901, 91, Guam. 

 Julis quadricolor Lesson, Voy. Coquille, II, 139, pi. 35, fig. 1, 1826-1830, Tahiti. Cuvier <fc Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. 



Poiss., XIII, 443, 1S39, Tahiti. Bleeker, Atlas, Labr., 93, 1862, not the plate which is Thalassoma fuscum. 

 Thalassoma quadricolor, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., xxn, 1902 (1903), 462, Hawaii. 

 Scarus semicsemleus Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere 10, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1835, Red Sea. 

 Scarus gcorgii Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, pi. 24, Ceylon. 



Julis erythrogaster Cuvier &. Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., xm, 447, 1839; may be Thalassoma cyanogaster. 

 Scarus quinquevittatus Richardson, Voy. Blossom, 66, pi. 19, fig. 3. 



Julis ruppelli Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1900, 506, Laysan; not of Klunzinger. 

 Thalassoma immanis Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1S99, 4S8, pi. 18, fig. 2, Caroline Is. 

 Thalassoma berndti (misprinted berendti) Seale, Bishop Museum 1901, 115, fig. 7. Honolulu. 



This species is confused by Gunther with Thalassoma fuscum under the name of Julis trilobata. 

 T. purpureum may be known by the variegated head, with three broad scarlet wedges radiating from 

 the eye, and by the presence of three red stripes on a blue-green ground. The fins are colored differ- 

 ently frum those of T. cyanogaster. (For color notes see Fishes of Hawaii.) In T. fuscum the head is 

 plain red, and there are two rows of quadrate blotches, compared by Lacepede to Chinese characters, 

 on each side. These are blue on a red background. 



T. purpureum is widely diffused in the South Seas. We have one fine specimen from Apia, and 

 several from Honolulu. 



980. Thalassoma cyanogaster (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tahiti; Samoa. 



Julis cyanogaster Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xm, 444, 1839, Tahiti; on a drawing of Solander. 



Of this species, well distinguished from Thalassoma purpureum by its coloration, we have one fine 

 example from Apia and one from Pago Pago. 



Life colors of the specimen from Apia, bright grass-green, yellowish below with three longitudinal 

 stripes of clear coppery red, cross-hatched; head green with many red stripes and spots; two green 

 stripes forward from eye; a scarlet irregular streak downward and backward across preopercle and 

 subopercle, with numerous irregular red spots and blotches behind it and above it; dorsal green at 

 base, then orange red, then a narrower grass green stripe, then a red one, the soft rays each tipped with 



