KEIOfAED : ON VITBEA SCHARFFI. 51 



from France and Spain, but I have been unable to identify it. It has 

 been suggested that it is V. suhglahra, Bourg., but judging from the 

 original description and figure this is a synonym for V. lucida, Drap., 

 an opinion which has already been expressed by Mr. J. W. Taylor.^ 

 Tip to the present I have noted this species from Grange, Lancaster, 

 and Seathwaite, Broughton-in-Furness, Lancashire ; near Stromness, 

 Orkney, Scotland ; and in Ireland from Cloughjordan, Borrisokane, and 

 Nenagh, co. Tipperary, N. ; Kilrush, co. Clare ; Morru, co. Down ; 

 Bantry, co. Cork ; Birr, Kings Co. ; near Ross, co. Galway, "W. ; 

 Loughrea, co. Galway, E. ; Salthill, co. Galway, W. ; Knocknarea 

 Glen, CO. Sligo ; Ballinspittal, co. Cork, W. ; Youghal, co. Cork, E. ; 

 Carrigrohane, co. Cork, Mid ; Donegal Priory Lough Gill, co. Sligo ; 

 and Youghal, co. "Waterford. 



There is but little difficulty in distinguishing V. Scharffi,, for its 

 colour is very striking and quite sufficient to separate it from either 

 V. lucida, V. cellaria, or V. hihernica. Compared with V. cellaria it 

 is larger, more robust, and with a much smaller umbilicus, whilst it 

 may readily be distinguished from V. lucida by the last whorl being 

 not so expanded, and from V. hihernica by the smaller umbilicus and 

 its far more polished surface. 



It is interesting to note the various names which have been applied 

 to this species. The Grange examples have always been known as 

 cellaria, whilst in all probability all the Irish records of V. helvetica, 

 Blum., and V. glabra, Studer, really refer to this species. 



In the Irish Naturalist, vol. iii (1894), pp. 45-6, it is stated that 

 " specimens of a Vitrea \_Hyalinia'] found at "Whitegate, co. Cork, 

 and Bantry, were submitted to Dr. 0. Boettger of Frankfort, and 

 Dr. Westerlund, both of whom agree, as also does the original describer, 

 in pronouncing it to be V. helvetica, Blum." I have seen some of the 

 shells referred to, and they include both V. hihernica and V. Scharffi,. 



It cannot be too strongly emphasized that many of the records of 

 Vitreas are inaccurate and misleading. Until a few years ago a large 

 Vitrea was always called cellaria, Miill., by EngKsh and American 

 students, and there is no doubt that many of the records of cellaria 

 refer to V. lucida, V. hihernica, or V. Scharffi. Judging from its known 

 distribution, V. Scharffi is a Western species, and may possibly occur 

 in Western Europe. 



In conclusion, I must tender my best thanks to those gentlemen 

 who have so kindly assisted me, and without whose help this paper 

 could not have been written. Mr. A. W. Stelfox, Mr. R. Welch, 

 Mr. R. B. Lucas, and Dr. R. F. Scharff forwarded series of Irish 

 shells, Mr. R. A. Phillips sent a large number of living examples from 

 Ireland, Mr. J. Davy Dean a number of shells from Lancashire, and 

 Mr. J. Wilfrid Jackson a fine series from Grange, with a number of 

 the animals preserved in spirit. 



1 J. "W. Taylor, Monogi-aph of the L. & F.W. MoU. of the British Isles, part xiv, 

 p. 19. 



