SHAW : ON CYPE^A AND TRIVIA. 293 



his two species, accepted by Hidalgo on grounds of priority, should 

 return to the names by which they have always been known. The 

 two species are — 



C. fragiloides, Meusch., becomes, as formerly, C. cinerea, Gmelin. 



C. amarata, Meusch., in the same way stands as C. scurra, Gmelin. 



With regard to species described by non-binomial authors, it is now 

 generally accepted that the first binomial writer who published the 

 name should be considered the author ; this is far better than employing 

 such terms as (Chemnitz) auctorum, as used by some monographers. 



I give below the species described by non -binomial writers, and 

 hitherto accepted, with their proper authors, the typical form in all 

 cases remaining the same — 



Cyprma scurra, Chemnitz. Author, Gmelin. 



C. liistrio, Meuschen. Author, Gmelin. 



C. onyx, L., var. adusta, Chemnitz. Author, Lamarck. 



C.%onata, Chemnitz. First accepted by Gmelin, but he changed the 

 name into ' zojiariaJ This name Avill have to stand, as the 

 references given by him refer to C. zonata, Chemnitz. 



The practice of some writers of quoting Solander as the author of 

 various species clearly cannot be endorsed, as the Solander catalogue 

 is only manuscript. The writers, therefore, who first published any 

 of the names contained in it must be acknowledged as the authors, 

 although, like Dillwyn, Gray, and others, they quote the species as of 

 Solander. 



NOTES ON VARIOUS SPECIES. 

 Cype^a aeabica, Linn., var. intermedia, Gray.' 



Hidalgo (p. 369) very properly points out that Gray's name must 

 become a synonym in part of C. Gillei, Jousseaume." Gray's 

 description covers var. eglantina, Duclos,^ as well as var. mtermedia. 



In 1847 lledfield* quoted var. intermedia, Graj', but confused it 

 with C. arabica, Linn. Jousseaume, believing that C. Gillei was 

 a new species, and evidently not knowing that it was the C. arahica, 

 L., var. mtermedia, auct. [71011 Gray), described it as such. Since he 

 was the first to give it a name different from Gray's his name must 

 stand for this variety. 



CtpkjEA Boivjnii, Kiener.^ 

 After closely examining the figure and description of this species in 

 Kiener's monograph, and some very typical shells in the Eritish 

 Museum, I do not agree with Hidalgo in making it a variety of 

 C. Listeri, Gray,^ instead of C. gangrenosa, Dillwyn,'' as has always 

 been maintained. 



' Zool. Journ., 1825, vol. i, p. 77. 



2 Le Naturaliste, 1893, p. 171. 



3 Mag. de Zool., 1833, pi. xxviii. 



^ Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. iv, p. 488, pi. xvi, fig. 2. 



5 Coq. Viv., 1845, vol. i, p. 66, pi. xviii, tig. 2, 



6 Zool. Journ., 1825, vol. i, p. 507. 



^ Descr. Cat. of Shells, 1817, vol. i, p. 465. 



