SHAW : ON CYPRJEA AND TRIVIA. 303 



and Weinkauff that Higgins' shell is merely a specimen in fine 

 condition of the C. similis of Gray. Mr. Smith very kindly went into 

 this matter with me, and after looking up the original descriptions, 

 etc., entirely confirms my opinion ; I therefore feel justified in reducing 

 these two to one species. Unfortunately, neither of the above names 

 can stand. Similis was used by Gmelin to designate a shell which is 

 a synonym of C. erosa, Linn., and castanea was used first by Bolten for 

 a species which is a synonym of C. Mauritiana, Linn., and secondly by 

 Anderson ' for a form which is unidentifiable. I therefore rename 

 this i\i.e\\ fuscorulra on account of its dorsal coloration. 



CypK^A ScoTTir, Gaskoin.^ 



This species was first described by Gray in the Zoological Miscellany, 

 1831, vol. i, p. 35, as C. Friendii. A note by the editor on p. 330 

 of vol. V of the Zoological Journal, which is as follows, seems to 

 show that Gra5" knew that this shell was about to be described by 

 Gaskoin : — " Cyprcea Friendii^ Gray, Zool. Miscell. named and 

 published by that author after he knew that the shell was here 

 named, described, figured, and ready for publication. — Ed." With 

 that unfriendly spirit that existed at this time among certain con- 

 chologists, it seems that, in order to claim the species as his own. 

 Gray anticipated Gaskoin by a short period. Anyhow, in spite of 

 these facts, as C. Frieyidii is prior to C. Scottii, the former must 

 undoubtedly stand. 



Cype^a Soweebyi, Kiener.' 



This specific name was used first by Anton ^ for a species which 

 equals C. carneola, Linn., var. The shell named by Kiener was for 

 a long time confused with C. zonaria, Gmelin,^ until a note by Reeve 

 (Conch. Icon., sp. 40) finally settled the matter. The only synonym 

 of this species is C. ferruginosa, Kiener,^ which is the young state of 

 C. Sowerhyi. Unfortunately, this name had already been used by 

 Gmelin for a species which is a synonym of C. erosa, Linn. 



Dr. Dall therefore proposed to rename the present species C. Annettce.'' 



Cype^ea staphyl^a, Linn., var. limacina, Lam.^ 

 C. Uviacina, Lam., is considered by Hidalgo (pp. 400, 519) as 

 a good species and distinct from C. staphylcea. I do not, however, 

 agree with this opinion, but consider Lamarck's species simply a large 

 and smooth variety of C. staphylcBa, in which the teeth do not extend 

 more than half-way over the base, while the granulation on the 

 dorsal surface is replaced in some cases by large white spots, which 

 are sometimes slightly raised, or by a few scattered and distinct 

 nodules, whilst in others the dorsal surface is of a smooth shining 



' Aixhiv fur Naturg-., 1837, vol. ii, p. 271. 



- Zool. Journ., 1831, vol. v, p. 330, pi. xiv, fio^s. 1-3. 



^ Coq. Viv., p. 38, pi. \\\, fig. 3. 



* Verzeichniss Conch., 1839, p. 97. 



5 Svst. Nat., vol. vi, p. 3414. 



« Op. cit., p. 37, pi. Ivi, fig. 3. 



^ iNautilus, 1909, vol. xxii, p. 125. 



« Ann. du Mus., 1810, vol. xvi, p. 101. 



