Studies on Tipulidae. 175 



to the kinci of wood in whicli they occur. Thiis I find that the 

 larva of ^iphura atrata lias been found in decaying oaks, poplars, 

 alders, birches and linden. However no instance is on record, as 

 far as I know, of a Ctenophoi^a-lai-ya, living in the wood of a coni- 

 ferous tree. Cterwphora angustipennis Loew (California) may form 

 an exception, as I remember seeing the imago about the trunks of 

 Sequoia sempervirens. 



III. On tlie australian Tipulina with pectinate antennae 

 and especially on the genns Ptilogyna Westw. 



The genns Fülogyna was introduced by Westwood in the Zool. 

 Journ. V, p. 440 — 451 and in the London and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1835. 

 I reproduce the definition contained in the Zool. Journ., as there is* 

 very little to be added to it: 



„Tipidae affinis. Rostrum capiti aeque longum. Antennae: 

 § , 13-articidatae, art. 3°- ramum uniciim e hasi emittente; arti- 

 cidis 4 — 9 ramos duos longos e hasi, alteruwquc e medio paidlo 

 breviorem emittentihus ; 10'^°- longo^ ramis duohis hasalihus , al- 

 teroque 'brevi., fere aincali; 11 — 13 brevibus, simplicibns; Q, 14- 

 articidatae, tlioracis vix longitudine, graciles, articulo 1^°- crasso 

 3°- ad apicem infra producto, singido articidorum 4 — W ramos 

 duos ad basin emittente, i^amo externo quam articuluftn ipsum 

 paidlo longiore, interno breviore, articidis 4 terminalibus simplici- 

 bus. Älae cellida discoidea subapicali septemangidata, nervis fere 

 ut in Limnobia trisulcata Schum. dispositis. (Tab. XXII, 

 f. 14 ala, f. 15 antenna 2)." 



The meaning of this last comparison is, that the submarginal 

 cell is in complete contact with the discal, in consequence of which 

 there is no small crossvein, and the first posterior cell is very much 

 shortened. The reference to Triogma (Limnobia) tristdcata, as an 

 instance of such a structure, was very well chosen. 



An important character of this genus, which distinguishes it from 

 all the related genera, consists in the absence of that pointed, usually 

 more or less hairy, projection of the upper part of the rostrum, 

 commonly called n a s u s. In Ptilogyna this projection is hardly 

 apparent, and closely applied to the fleshy organs under it, instead 

 of being isolated and protruding, as it is in the majority of the Ti- 

 pulidae 1 n g i p a 1 p i. 



The tibiae, even the front pair, have spurs at the tip (Macq. 

 D. E. I, 1, 45 is mistaken in denying it). 



The last Joint of the palpi is about equal to the preceding joints 

 taken together (as far as I could see in dried specimens). 



