432 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



yil.— The order Phyllocarida and its systematic position. 



naviTif:^ studied the Phyllopoda, we may now discuss the relationships 

 of Nebalia and the group which it represents. 



Eistory of the Pliyllocarida. — The genus Nehalia was first established 

 by Leach 1 in his Zoological Miscellany, vol. 1, p. 99, 1814. Nebalia 

 peofffoyi Edwards, was described and the external appendages figured 

 by' Milne-Edwards in the Annales des Sciences Katurelles, tome 13, p. 

 297, 1828, and in the 2d series, tome 3, p. 309. Our Nehalia hipes was 

 originally described under the name of Cancer hipes by Otho Fabricius 

 in his Fauna Groenlandica, 1780. 



In his Histoire naturelle des Crustac^s (1840) Milne-Edwards places 

 Nebalia in the family ApusidfB among the Phyllopoda; at the same time 

 he remarks: "Les Nebalies sont de petits crustaces tres-curieus qui, ^ 

 raison de leurs yeux x3edoncul6s et de leur carapace, se rapprochent des 

 Podophthalmes^ mais qui ne possedent par de branchees proprement 

 dites, et respirent a I'aide des membres thoraciques devenus mem- 

 braneux et foliaces. Elles semblent, a plusieurs 6gards, etablir le pas- 

 sage entre les Mysis et les Apus." 



In 1850 Baird, in his British Entomostraca, founded the family 

 Nehaliadm^ regarding Nebalia as a Phyllopod. 



In 1853, in his great work on Crustacea, Prof. J. D. Dana gave the 

 name Nehaliadce to the family, with a diagnosis. He placed the group 

 in his tribe Artemioidea in the Legio Phyllopoda. 



Nebalia remained, by the general consent of carcinologists, in the 

 Phyllopoda until Metschnikoli', in 1865, published an abstract of his 

 essay on the development of Nehalia geoffroyi, which appeared in full 

 in 1868. Unfortunately, his work was published in Russian, but Fritz 

 Muller, in his "Fur Darwin," quotes as follows from Metschnikoli', 

 "that Nehalia, during its embryonal life, passes through the Nauplius 

 and zoea stages, which in the Decapoda occur partly (in Peneus) in the 

 free state." "Therefore, 1 regard Nehalia as a Phyllopodiform Deca- 

 pod." 



In 1872, Claus gave an account, with excellent figures, of the external 

 anatomy of Nehalia geoffroyi; and in 1876, in his valuable work on the 

 genealogy of Crustacea, he described the internal anatomy of the same 

 species. 



In 1875, in his "Atlantic Crustacea from the Challenger Expedition," 

 Willemoes-Suhm placed the Nehaliadoi among the Schizopoda. While, 

 however, the thoracic appendages of his Nehalia longipes have very 

 narrow respiratory lobes (exites), yet they can be directly homologized 

 with those of the other species of Nebalia, and in all other characters 

 N. longipes does not difier essentially from the other species of the genus. 



In 18X^, in the American Naturalist for February, 1879, and in our 

 *,'Zoofogy" (1879) we proposed the name Phyllocarida for Nebalia and 



i"Dr. Leach, in his 'Naturalist's Miscellany,' vol. 1, p. 99, published in 1814, 

 describes it INchalia hipesi more fully than Montagu, and saysthe species he describes 

 is not uucouimon on the southwestern and western coasts of England. As he saw 

 that it constituted a very distinct genus from any previously given by modern writers, 

 he formed the genus Nelialia to receive it, and adds, 4n a systematic work this genus 

 would hold a very cousi^icuous and important place, as it is not referable to any 

 family hitherto established.' In a paper published soon afterwards by him, in vol. 

 xi of the Liunean Transactions, on the Arrangement of the Crustacea, he assigns its 

 place amongst the Malacostraca, in the order Macroura; in which he is followed by 

 Lamarck, Bosc, and Desmarest, Latreille, Olivier, and Risso ; the three latter authors, 

 however, referring the species described to the genus Mysis." Baird's British Ento- 

 mostraca, p. 3:^. 1850. 



